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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fourteenth and fifteenth century western european economy
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they were drawn together by chinese goods such as spices, ceramics and silks
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how did europe obtain transportation over seas
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technological advances, the rise of new trade networks and techniques, and increased political centralization
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who led european expansion, where did they start, what were they looking for, what plantations started and what kind of trade did they start
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led by portugal, european expansion began with a push southward alo0ng the west african coast, they were looking for spices, ivory and gold, sugar plantations were established and a slave trade in africa
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who took the lead in exploring and colonizing the americas, how did they do this, what made spanish conquest possible
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spain took the lead in exploring and colonizing the americas, consolidating a vast and profitable empire of its own in the place of aztec and inca empires, divisions within indian empires and the devastating effects of european diseases made spanish conquest possible
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what were the conquistadors that led spanish occupation replaced by, and what did they do, what discover provided spain with immense wealth while leading to sharply increased mortality among the native population
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elaborate, centralized royal bureacracy, which regulated most aspects of economic and social life. spains discovery of silver
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where else did spains conquistadors explore, what did they find
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much of present day southeastern and southwestern united States. they found no empires, silver mines, or rich empires and were thwarted by the Indian peoples they encountered
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what was the protestant reformation, who started it,
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John calvin, activist theology spread from geneva outward to england scotland the ntherlands and the huguenots in france
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when did england turn its attention to exploration and colonization, and what was happening at the time they finally started
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1570s and 1580s after spain, European rivalries were heightened by splits arising out of Protestant reform
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which early england colony failed.. and who ran englands colonies
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roanoke, englands merchants and gentry
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who resisted colonization dispite what
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native americans despite losses from warfare, disease and enslavement
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how did spanish colonies do in new mexico and florida..
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spanish colonies grew slowly and faced a variety of threates. By the late seventeenth century spanish new mexico had lost to the pueblo revolt, and Floridas delicate mission system was under siege from English Carolina and its indian allies
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Eurasia and Africa in the Fifteenth century
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ming china was the richest and most powerful. everybody wanted chinese goods and prices..
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Europes place in the world
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food shortages due to war and illness.. not as good as china.. people died young and early.. black death caused decrease in population.. but the pop decreased relieved pressure on scarce resources... more food and more jobs better economy
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Africa and the Portuguese Wave
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European expansion began with Africa..everyone was trying to find better trade routes.. prince henry the navigator found portugal.. made lighter faster ships.. brought disease to portugese which killed people..
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Sugar and the Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade
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slaves became more important as status symbols than workers..most where young white women. slavs.. crusaders discovered sugar.. they could see sugars economic potential... it soon was being produced everywhere
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columbos was convinced of what
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that the fastest route to china lay west across the uncharted atlantic ocean... geographers knew the world was much larger than columbus thought
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Spain in the Americas
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columbus wanted a westward trade route so they could compete with portugal.. he landed two months after leaving spain on san slavador
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th spanish Beachhead in the carribbean
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columbus thought he was near asian when he was at the bahamas...even though the indians were nice to them they still decided to take the indians over instead of partnering up.. columbus's second journey was to colonize not to just visit
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Conquest of the Aztecs
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aztecs invited cortez and europeans in as guests.. but they soon took over and seized moctezuma the aztec king.. aztecs took back over after moctezumas death..but soon most of them died from small pox.. which helped cortes take over tenochtitlan.. word that the spaniards had conqureed the incan empire in south america.. which even outshone the aztecs
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the columbian exchange
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transition of people, plants, insects and microbes between the two hemispheres, intiated when--columbus reached the americas..disease also spread with the exchange
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The Crown Steps in
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People loved the power of having control over these new colonies..mining silver became very popular.. the spanish crown claimed one fifth of all extracted silver..
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the search for north americas indian emires
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everybody wanted to be the next person to find treasure or topple the indians emires..no one found anything due to illness and indians archers.. one group got lost and made a huge trek befor being found in texas..everyone tried going through florida.. coronado broght all these people to find huge cities of indians.. didnt find anything and strangled his indian guide
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Religious Reform divides Europe
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the roman catholic church defined what it meant to bte a christian in western Europe.. the church was a hierachy
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Teachings of martin Luther
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luther thought he was damned... thought human nature was innately evil..he thought god did not require fallan humankind to earn salvation..lutheran churches were soon forming that taught his teachings..
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the contribution of john calvin
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luthers most influential successor was john calvin.. he agreed with luther that men and women could not merit their salvation.. calvin concieved god as awsome all knowning and all powerful.. the controlling force in human history that would triumph over satan..god had selected his saints or the elect for eternal salvation.. strive to behave like a saint..
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French Huguenots and the Birth of Spanish Florida
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Huguenots calvins french followers, saw in north america a potential refuge from religions persecution..
established a simple village that turned into desperation and cannibalism..tried to make hughenots villiages but they were attacked and looked about as a threat.. after fort caroline hughenots knew the new world would not be their haven |
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The English Reformation
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king henry wanted a son.. his wifes only had daughters so he kept swithcing wives...he then made himself the head of church of england...his daughter took throne Elizabeth she was a calvonist
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Englands Entry into America
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English gentlemen didnt like the irish.. they needed to learn to be civilized and untill they are they arent aloud to buy land or hold office or serve on juries..severed heads of irish rebels leading up to his camp..
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The Ambitions of Gilbert, Raleigh and Wingina
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elizabeth got gilbert a royal patente.. allowed to explore and occupy and govern any territory in america..Gilbert wanted a kingdom of his own..he wanted the poor to emmigrate to his land by offering them free land and gov..but storms sunk his ship.. Step broth Raleigh found virginia after the virgin queen..new english conquestadors were rude and heartless to the indians.. set up meetings that were really traps.. this made the roanokes mad and they drove them into their ships
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a second roanoke and Croatoan
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Raleigh organized a second expedition after running away.. gave everyone 500 acres.. he watched native culture..roanokes didnt like seeing the english return.. they sent for reinforcements but they didnt come till later and all they found was an empty colony with croatoan carved on a post..
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indians and the english
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English came and the indians watched them not know how to produce food.. pocohantos married the english john smith to show peace.. john smith(rolfe) wanted to grow tabacco to make money in england when they didnt even have enough food to eat there..
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what did the french do in the early seventeenth century
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established a fur trade, agricultural communities, and religious institutions in canada while building indian alliances throughout the mississipi drainage
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what contributed to a devasting series of wars between iroquois, hurons, and dozens of other indian groups
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competition over the fur trade in new france and new netherlands..
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during competition over the fur trade in new france and new netherlands what were enlish puritans doing..
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they were planting more populous settlements between maine and long island
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what did the migration of family groups and a rough equality of wealth do to new englands society
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it lent stability that was reinforced by the settlers shared commitment to puritanism and a strong tradition of sel governement
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what else also enjoyed a rapid growht of people and wealth
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the mid atlantic colonies, but political wrangling as well as ethnic and religious diversity made for a higher level of social conflict
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what were the difference between attituteds towards the native people from the mid atlantic and new englenders
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new englanders attempted to subdue native peioples.. the mid atlantic enjoyed more harmonious relations with the regions original inhabitatnts, thanks in part to william penns quaker principles
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how did the efforts of the later stuart kings to centralize englands empire end
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ended with the glorious revolution in 1688 which greatly reduced tensions between the colonies and the parent country
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Did native americans agree and like colinizations
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no native peoples everywhere in the american south resisted colonization, despite losses from warfare, disease and enslavement
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how did spanish colonies in new mexico and florida do
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they grew slowly and faced a varieety of threats. By the late seventeenth century Spanish New Mexico had been lost to the pueblo revolt, and floridas delicate mission system was under siege from english carolina and its indian allies
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what thriving monocultures were established in all of englands southern colonies
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tobacco in the cheaspeak, rice in the carolinas, and sugar in the caribbean
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what was the dominant labor system throughout the regions
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african slavery not native
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what characterized both spanish and english colonies in the south for most of the first century of their existstence
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instability and conflict
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