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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
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no executive
no national court system no power to tax no power to regulate commerce |
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What year was Shay's rebellion?
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1787
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What happened in Shay's rebellion?
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Massachusetts farmers, led by Daniel Shay, asked for debt relief from state government, they refused and Shay attacked a federal arsenal (place where they store weapons), was defeated by militia.
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What did Shay's Rebellion lead to?
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Constitutional Convention
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When and where was the Constitutional Convention?
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Philadelphia
1787 |
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What was the Virginia Plan?
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Three branches of government: legislative
executive judicial |
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Under the Virginia Plan, how many votes did a state get in the legislature?
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Depended on population of the state and wealth
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Was the Virginia Plan bicameral or unicameral in the legislature?
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Bicameral, representation in both houses based on population of the state.
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What was the New Jersey Plan?
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Three part government but the legislature had ONE VOTE per state
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What was the Great Compromise?
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also called the Connecticut Plan, the legislature has two parts, the House of Representative where votes are based on population and the Senate, two votes per state.
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What is the Three Fifths Compromise?
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A slave counted as three fifths of a person for taxation and voting.
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What is Federalism?
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a system of government in which power is shared between the central government and the states.
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Who wrote the Federalist papers?
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James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
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What were the Anti Federalists worried about?
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too much power to federal government
president might become like a king Senate could become an aristocracy |
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What is the Bill of Rights?
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The amendments to the constitution (10 at first): it is a set of rules that defines people's rights
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What is popular sovereignty?
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government in which people rule
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What is republicanism?
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people exercise their voice in government by VOTING for political representatives.
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How is power shared between state and national government?
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Federalism
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What is the name for powers assigned to the federal government?
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delegated powers
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What is the name for powers kept by the states according to the Constitution?
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reserved powers
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What is the name for powers that both the state and the federal government have?
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shared or concurrent powers.
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What are the three branches of the federal government?
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legislative
executive judicial |
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How did the framers of the Constitution prevent too much power from going to one branch of government
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separation of power (the three branches of government)
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What are "checks and balances"?
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The principle that each branch of government can exercise control or checks over the other branches
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What is an example of checks and balances?
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Congress enacts laws
President has veto power OR congress passes law, president signs it into law but Supreme Court declares it UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
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What is the "rule of law"
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everyone in the United States must obey the law, no matter how powerful.
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What are some example of rights in the Bill of Rights?
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freedom of speech
freedom of religion right to assemble |
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What are the seven principles of the Constitution?
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popular sovereignty
republicanism federalism separation of powers checks and balances limited government individual rights |
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How did the precedents of George Washington create a national culture?
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Each of the decisions around Washington influenced the development of the national culture, like what to call him, "Mr. President", how many justices were on the Supreme Court (Six at first, nine now)
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What was the issue around war debts?
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The United States had borrowed money from other countries and individuals to finance the revolution, how to pay it back? Hamilton came up with a plan that had the federal government repaying the war debts.
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What was the Whiskey Rebellion about?
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The federal government's right to levy a tax on whiskey to raise revenue.
Washington enforced this right with am army against Pennsylvania farmers who were protesting the tax. |
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Why did the Washington announce neutrality in foreign policy?
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To allow the US flexibility in policy with European nations and to not be drawn into wars like the French Revolution, in Europe.
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What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
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1798, acts targeting immigrants. They increased the waiting period to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years, gave president powers to arrest disloyal aliens, outlawed sedition which is saying something false or harmful to government.
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What was one big effect of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
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government control of freedom of speech
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What happened to the Alien and Sedition Acts in the legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky?
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The were repealed on the basis of STATES RIGHTS, saying that the states had rights that the federal government could not violate and the Alien Acts violated those rights, so they nullified the acts.
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What were the two parties in the election of 1800?
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Federalists: John Adams
Democratic-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson |
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What happened in the election of 1800?
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Both Jefferson and Aaron Burr (the Democratic-Republican candidate for vice president) received 73 votes. So the election had to go to the House of Representatives to decide. They voted 35 times, still tied. On the 36th time, Jefferson was elected.
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Why was the election of 1800 important to US history?
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It was an early example of democratic voting according to the Constitution. Later, the 12th amendment to the constitution changed to separate ballots for president and vice president.
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Why is Marbury v. Madison important?
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JUDICIAL REVIEW
It established the super important principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the constitution. |
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What did McCulloch v. Maryland hold?
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That a state could not tax a national bank. This established an important federalism principle.
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what is impressment?
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kidnapping of soldiers or sailors to work in another countries' army.
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Which country impressed American saliors in the early nineteenth century?
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Britain
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What was the Embargo of 1807 about?
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Congress said that US ships could not sail to foreign ports and that US ports were closed to British ships.
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Was the Embargo of 1807 successful?
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No, it was a disaster for US farmers and merchants.
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When was the Battle of New Orleans?
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1815
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What happened in the Battle of New Orleans?
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US soldiers under Andrew Jackson defeated huge British force, ended the War of 1812
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