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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viking Cheiftain Leif Erickson lad an expedition to?
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present-day Canada around 1000 A.D., when he established a colony at L'Anse aux Meadows. (Settlement short lived and forgotten)
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Why were the Americas "discovered" and settled by Europeans beginning in 1492 and not earlier?
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Europe was not ready in 1000 A.D. to follow up "discovery" with permanent settlement because it lacked geographic knowledge, technical skill to facilitate a large-scale resettlement, the money to finance one, and prerequisite incentives
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origins of the Christian Crusades
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Pope Urban II and his address of November 1095 at Clermont, France
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Crusades continued for
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nearly 200 years, from 1095 to 1291 A.D.
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First Crusade
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successfully captured Jerusalem in 1099
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Effects of Crusades
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Boosted self-confidence of Medieval Europeans and 12th Century became an age of optimism and rebirth in Europe
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Muslim forces eventually recaptured Jerusalem in?
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1187
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Europe fell on dark times after?
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the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476 AD
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Dark Ages of Europe (500 AD to 1000 AD)
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Frequent Warfare, Invading Barbarian Hordes, Europe grew even more fragmented
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Advanced Islamic cultures
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Mathmatics, medicine, geography, trade and industry
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Rebirth of Trade
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paper, soap, perfumes, ceramics, glass, jewelry, medicines, and textiles such as silks, oriental rugs, tapestries, and fine cotton goods
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Spices - preserved food and made it more palatable
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cloves, allspice, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, mace, and pepper
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Population Growth (the real growth takes place after Columbus)
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between 1000 AD and 1500 AD, Europe's population grew faster than any other in the world
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Improvements in Cartography
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Medieval Europe had abandoned its belief in classical tradition, adopting in its place a Christian or ecclesiastic tradition
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Medieval "T and O" maps
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symbolic and represented Jerusalem at the very center of the world
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The Protestant Reformation
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Martin Luther and John Calvin splintered the once dominant Catholic Church
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The Protestant Reformation led to?
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conflicts among the creeds and sects into which Protestantism itself splintered
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The Columbian Exchange
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The term is used to describe the enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Old World and the New after 1492
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At the height of the last Ice Age, about 17,000 years ago, as the ice sheets advanced and sea levels fell, people first migrated from the Eurasian land mass to the Americas across the?
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Bering Strait
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In 1492, there were as many as 100 million people in the New World. The three major cultures?
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Aztecs in Mexico, Mayans on the Yucatan Peninsula, Incas in South America
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