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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Era
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a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
"his death marked the end of an era" |
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Political Machines
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a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
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Civil Service
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the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.
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populism
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a political doctrine in which one sides with "the people" against "the elite". Populist sentiment contributed to the American Revolutionary War, and continued to shape the young United States afterward.
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Economics
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the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth
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Industrialization
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he process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.
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Labor Unions
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an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
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Entrepreneurship
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the process of identifying and starting a new business venture, sourcing and organizing the required resources, while taking both the risks and rewards associated with the venture.
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Immigrants
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a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
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Urbanization
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the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas, be it horizontal or vertical.
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Philanthropy
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the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
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Social Gospel
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Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.
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Expansionism
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the policy of territorial or economic expansion.
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Missionaries
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a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.
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Militarism
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the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests
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Alliance
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a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
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Nationalism
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Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts
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Isolationism
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a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
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Neutrality
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the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
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Progressive
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happening or developing gradually or in stages; proceeding step by step.
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Initiative
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the ability to assess and initiate things independently.
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Referendum
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a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
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Recall
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bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one's mind, especially so as to recount it to others; remember.
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Amendments
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Immigration
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the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
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Eugenics
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the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis.
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Nativism
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the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants
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Prohibition
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the action of forbidding something, especially by law.
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Dictatorships
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government by a dictator.
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Fascism
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an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
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Appeasement
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the action or process of appeasing.
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Holocaust
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destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war.
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Internment
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the imprisonment or confinement [disambiguation needed] of people, commonly in large groups, without trial. The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) gives the meaning as: "The action of 'interning'; confinement within the limits of a country or place."
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Conventional Weapons
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that are in relatively wide use that are not weapons of mass destruction
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Atomic weapons
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Weapon whose great explosive power results from the sudden release of energy upon the splitting, or fission, of the nuclei of heavy elements such as plutonium or uranium
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Enlistment
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the period of time for which one is committed to military service.
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Volunteerism
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the use or involvement of volunteer labor, especially in community services.
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Aggression
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hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront.
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Containment Policy
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operating on the principle that communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence
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Domino Theory
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the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall.
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Draft
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compulsory recruitment for military service.
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Amendment
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Credibility Gap
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an apparent difference between what is said or promised and what happens or is true.
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Desegregation
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the elimination of laws, customs, or practices under which different races, groups, etc., are restricted to specific or separate public facilities, neighborhoods, schools, organizations, or the like.
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Political Process
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involves several different groups and institutions within politics
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Demographics
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relating to the structure of populations
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Muslim
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a follower of the religion of Islam.
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Contras
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a member of a guerrilla force in Nicaragua that opposed the left-wing Sandinista government 1979–90, and was supported by the US for much of that time. It was officially disbanded in 1990, after the Sandinistas' electoral defeat.
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Terrorism
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the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
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interventions
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the action or process of intervening.
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Physical Geography
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the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes.
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Human Geography
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the branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth's surface.
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Demographic
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relating to the structure of populations.
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Expansion
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the action of becoming larger or more extensive.
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Migration
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movement from one part of something to another.
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Immigration
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the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
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Rural
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in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.
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Demographic Patterns
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the quantifiable statistics of a given population.
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Immigration
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the movement of people into another country or region to which they are not native in order to settle there
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Modernization
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a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society
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Overpopulation
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when a population of a species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche
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urbanization
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the increasing number of people that live in urban areas.
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laissez-faire
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an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from government restrictions, tariffs, and subsidies, with only enough regulations to protect property rights
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Trusts
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a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of anothe
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Monopolies
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the only supplier of a particular commodity (this contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity's control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few entities dominating an industry).
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Expansionism
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the policy of territorial or economic expansion.
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blockade
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an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.
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colonialism
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the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.
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tariffs
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a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff), or a list of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage (electrical tariff, etc.)
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speculation
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the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
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monetary policy
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the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply san leandro money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability
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buying on margin
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The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker. Buying on margin refers to the initial or down payment made to the broker for the asset being purchased. The collateral for the funds being borrowed is the marginable securities in the investor's account. Before buying on margin, an investor needs to open a margin account with the broker. In the U.S., the amount of margin that must be paid for a security is regulated by the Federal Reserve Board.
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deportation
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the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country
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hobos
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a migratory worker or homeless vagabond—especially one who is penniless.
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rationing
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the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services.
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prosperity
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the state of flourishing, thriving, good fortune and / or successful social status
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consumerism
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a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-greater amounts.
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planned obsolescence
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a policy of planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete, that is, unfashionable or no longer functional after a certain period of time
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petroleum
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a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.
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tariffs
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a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff), or a list of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage (electrical tariff, etc.).
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embargo
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the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country
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free enterprise system
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economic system where few restrictions are placed on business activities and ownership. In this system, governments generally have minimal ownership of enterprises in the market place. This system aims for limited restrictions on trade and minimal government intervention
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entitlement
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a guarantee of access to something, such as to welfare benefits, based on established rights or by legislation.
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deficit spending
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the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.
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constitution
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a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
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policy
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a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.
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depression
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severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century
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terrorism
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refer only to those violent acts that are intended to create fear
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Legislative
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law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other governing body, or the process of making it
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executive
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the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state
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Judicial
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the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state
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court packing
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an unsuccessful attempt by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 to appoint up to six additional justices to the Supreme Court, which had invalidated a number of his New Deal laws.
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Electoral College
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the institution that officially elects the President and Vice President of the United States every four years.
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Electoral Votes
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a vote cast by a member of the electoral college.
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checks and balances
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an important part of the Constitution. With checks and balances, each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others.
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landmark
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an object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance, especially one that enables someone to establish their location.
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separate but equal
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a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified and permitted racial segregation, as not being in breach of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens, and other federal civil rights laws
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desegregation
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he process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races
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lobbying
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the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies.
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litigation
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An action brought in court to enforce a particular right. The act or process of bringing a lawsuit in and of itself; a judicial contest; any dispute.
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amendments
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boycotts
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an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for social or political reasons
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renaissance
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a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe
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chicano
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a chosen identity of Mexican-Americans in the United States.
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racial minorities
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race group
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Ethnic minorities
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a sociological category within a demographic. Rather than a relational "social group
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Religious minorities
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a religion held by a minority of the population of a country, state, or region. Minority religions may be subject to stigma or discrimination
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ethnic
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a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience
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gender
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the range of physical, biological, mental and behavioral characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.
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Technological Innovations
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a concept developed within the scientific field of innovation studies which serves to explain the nature and rate of technological change
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Satellite communications
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an artificial satellite sent to space for the purpose of telecommunications.
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Petroleum
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a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.
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innovations
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assembly line
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a manufacturing process (most of the time called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from work station to work station where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced.
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Time-study Analysis Robotics
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Just in time inventory management
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a production strategy that strives to improve a business' return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs.
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Innovations
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the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, in-articulated needs, or existing market needs.
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free enterprise system
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An economic system where few restrictions are placed on business activities and ownership. In this system, governments generally have minimal ownership of enterprises in the market place. This system aims for limited restrictions on trade and minimal government intervention.
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standard living
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The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate, quality and affordability of housing, hours of work required to purchase necessities, gross domestic product, inflation rate, number of vacation days per year, affordable (or free) access to quality healthcare, quality and availability of education, life expectancy, incidence of disease, cost of goods and services, infrastructure, national economic growth, economic and political stability, political and religious freedom, environmental quality, climate and safety. The standard of living is closely related to quality of life.
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Declaration
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is now exhibited in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom in Washington, DC. It has faded badly, largely because of poor preservation techniques during the 19th century.
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Constitution
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After several failed attempts at creating a government, a 1787 convention is called to draft a new legal system for the United States. This new Constitution provides for increased federal authority while still protecting the basic rights of its citizens.
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Founding principles
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The future of liberty depends on reclaiming America's first principles. Facing growing confusion over America's legitimate role in the world
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founding fathers
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the most prominent statesmen of America's Revolutionary generation, responsible for the successful war for colonial independence
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Era
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a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
"his death marked the end of an era" |
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absolute chronology
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This approach is no longer considered sufficient for cogent historical analysis. Here
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relative chronology
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Relative chronology and the literary history of the early Greek epos Richard Janko 2
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turning point
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Relive the most groundbreaking moments in the story of the United States of America with Turning Points in American History
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space race
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Find out more about the history of The Space Race, including videos, ... The U.S. competition with the U.S.S.R. for technological dominance spurred the U.S.
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assassination
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Assassinations and attempts on US politcal and public figures from 1865.
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optimism
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Such confidence stems largely from the genius of America in basic research funding in history; it's an investment with the potential to spark new technologies
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immigrants
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The history of immigration to the United States deals with the movement of people to the United States since the first European settlements in about 1600
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expansionism
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Apart from acquiring Alaska from Russia in 1867, the U.S. achieved little in the area of foreign expansion. But as the American factory
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acquisitions
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Territorial evolution of North America since 1763. See also: European colonization
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expeditionary
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President Woodrow Wilson initially planned to give command of the AEF to General Frederick Funston, but after Funston's sudden
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technological innovations
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The early technological and industrial development in the United States was facilitated by a unique confluence of geographical, social, and economic factors.
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stalemate
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A stalemate is a situation in which neither side is able to gain the advantage. This occurred very often in trench warfare during World War I.
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armistice
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The role of Armistice in the history of the United States of America.
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muckraker
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Sinclair said that he aimed for America's heart and instead hit its stomach. Even President Roosevelt, who coined the derisive term "muckraker,"
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third party
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candidate in U.S. history is also largely responsible for the long-time reign of America's two-party political structure.
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populist
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Organization was inevitable. Like the oppressed laboring classes of the East, it was only a matter of time before Western farmers would attempt to use it
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progressive
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Many progressives such as Louis Brandeis hoped to make American .... the largest government-funded conservation-related projects in U.S. history
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evolution
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Mt. Rushmore South Dakota's Mt. Rushmore memorializes four of America's greatest Presidents.
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assembly line
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On this day in 1913, Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an But if you see something that doesn't look right
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aviation
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The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from .... Non-steerable balloons were employed during the American Civil Wa
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domestic
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Domestic Challenges. "Dewey Defeats Truman" The 1948 Presidential election pitted Democrat Harry Truman against Republican Thomas Dewey
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allies
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Half of the shield is painted with the pattern of the American flag, while the fleur-de-lis
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mobilization
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Mobilization is the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready At the entrance, the U.S. only could mobilize its army of 107,641 soldiers of significant size, national mobilization in the historical sense never occurred.
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propaganda
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The activities of the WWB were so extensive that it has been called the "greatest propaganda machine in history"
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island hopping
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the late 19th century, the U.S. had several interests in the western Pacific to defend; namely
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amphibious landing
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The United States' first role in amphibious warfare was inaugurated when the Continental Marines made their first amphibious landing
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communist
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there have been several brief periods in American history when the government violated some of these rights
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McCarthyism
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Ladies and gentlemen, tonight as we celebrate the one hundred and forty-first birthday of one of the greatest men in American history
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cold war
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The Cold War lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between
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containment
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Containment was a United States policy to prevent the spread of communism ... there were major historical precedents familiar to Americans and Europeans.
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escalation
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Along with Agent Orange, the substance known as napalm was used to clear forest growth as well as inflict heavy damages upon North Vietnamese forces.
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vietnamization
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including videos, interesting ... Upon taking office in 1969, U.S. President Richard Nixon
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political organizations
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The word history comes from the Greek word historía which means "to learn or know by inquiry." In the pieces that follow, we encourage you to probe
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non- violent resistance
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nonviolent resistance against the US arsenal
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boycott
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America's lowest paid workers take on corporate giant…and win. It's the story of the Coalition of Immokalee
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sit-in
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American Civil Rights Movement, the "Royal Seven" Their efforts are now recognized via historical markers in Durham.
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nonviolent
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From the very beginning there was a philosophy undergirding the Montgomery boycott, the philosophy of nonviolent resistance
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militant
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State of the Socialist Party in the late 1920s; 1.2 Formation of the ... The 1919 Emergency National Convention of the Socialist Party of America
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equality
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These words represent basic values of democratic political systems, including that of the United States.
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justice
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the impartial administration of justice in the cases of persons questioned for any acts done by them in the execution of the law
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segregationists
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a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience
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status quo
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The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from .... Non-steerable balloons were employed during the American Civil Wa
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Discrimination
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Organization was inevitable. Like the oppressed laboring classes of the East, it was only a matter of time before Western farmers would attempt to use it
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Normalization
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a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience
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Détente
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The activities of the WWB were so extensive that it has been called the "greatest propaganda machine in history"
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Reaganomics
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a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.
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Supply-side economics
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The United States' first role in amphibious warfare was inaugurated when the Continental Marines made their first amphibious landing
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Deregulation
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The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from .... Non-steerable balloons were employed during the American Civil Wa
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Conservation
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a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
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Embargo
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a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of anothe
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Conservative
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The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from .... Non-steerable balloons were employed during the American Civil Wa
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Resurgence
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The United States' first role in amphibious warfare was inaugurated when the Continental Marines made their first amphibious landing
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Contract
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a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.
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Inflation
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Organization was inevitable. Like the oppressed laboring classes of the East, it was only a matter of time before Western farmers would attempt to use it
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Stagflation
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a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
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Resignation
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a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of anothe
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Environmentalism
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The activities of the WWB were so extensive that it has been called the "greatest propaganda machine in history"
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Advocacy
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a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of anothe
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Third Party
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The United States' first role in amphibious warfare was inaugurated when the Continental Marines made their first amphibious landing
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independent Candidate
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a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience
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Significance
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a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels.
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Political boundaries
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The word history comes from the Greek word historía which means "to learn or know by inquiry." In the pieces that follow, we encourage you to probe
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Human geography
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The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from .... Non-steerable balloons were employed during the American Civil Wa
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Conservation
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Fulfilling American Democracy: The Conservation Movement, 1907 to 1921", The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
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regulation
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his wealth was in the rail and the steamboats; -- John D. Rockefeller, known by some people as the wealthiest man in history
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Environmentalism
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American naturalist sets out on a five year journey through the US Southeast to describe wildlife and wilderness from Florida to the Mississippi
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species
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a program within the ... their importation and subsequent sale in the United States
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Eminent domain
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The federal government's power of eminent domain has long been used in the United States to acquire property for public use. Eminent domain
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Homestead
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The Homestead Acts were several United States federal laws that gave an ..... The Jeffersonian Dream: Studies in the History of American Land Policy
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Transcontinental
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Railroad, including videos, ... Find out how the transcontinental railroad transformed America into one nation
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Foreign policies
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History of U.S. foreign policy is a brief overview of major trends regarding the foreign policy of the United States from the American Revolution to the present.
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Diplomacy
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Diplomatic Struggles in the Colonial Era, Benjamin Franklin, 1775- 1783: Diplomacy and the American Revolution.
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Quotas
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The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
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Monetary Policy
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the history of monetary policy in the United States. Monetary policy is associated with interest rates and availability of credit.
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Fiat Money
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Fiat currency has a long history of failure, as seen with the Roman denarius and the Chinese fiat currencies, among countless others.
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normalcy
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Harding's promise was to return the United States to pre-world war mentality; without This article relating to the history of the United States is a stub.
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