Us History

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interstate commerce act

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designed to regulate railroad industry, eliminate monopolistic practices
rates must be "reasonable and just"
railroads must publicize shipping rates and cannot use price discrimination against smaller markets
Interstate Commerce Commission will monitor railroads

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Granger Laws

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Laws in the south to regulate grain, railroad freight rates, and price discrimination. Passed by merchants' associations and "granger parties"

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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passed in 1890, prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitive; requires federal gov to investigate and pursue trusts. Limits cartels and monopolies

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Dawes Act

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1887, authorizes the US president to survey indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians

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WCTU

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women's christian temperance union, first mass organization among women devoted to social reform. Religious undertones, fought for suffrage

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Gospel of Wealth

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article written in 1889 by Andrew Carnegie, responsibility of philanthropy

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political machines

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political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts.

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Haymarket Affair

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the aftermatih of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration in may 1886. Began as a peaceful rally, then someone threw a bomb into the crowd, seven policemen and four civilians died. Anarchists convicted of conspiracy

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The Great Railroad Strike

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1877, mass railroad strike in repsone to the cutting of wages for the second time in a year

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Pullman Strike

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nationwide conflict in summer of 1894 between American Railway Union and railroads -- shut down much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic. Response to wage reductions.

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AFL

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American federation of labor, one of the first labor unions in the US. Alliance of craft unions. Samuel Gompers. Established 1886

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Knights of Labor

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Labor organization of the 1880s. Not socialist, acted as a labor union, fought for 8-hour work day.

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AWSA

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American Woman Suffrage Association, tried to achieve suffrange through state-by state campaigns

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NWSA

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National Woman Suffrage Association, fought for federal constitutional amendment

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Populists

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short-lived political party based among poor white cotton armers in the south and wheat farmers in the plains states -- crusading form of agrarianism hostile to banks, railroads, and elites. Sometimes formed coalitions with labor unions.

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Spanish-American War

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conflict in 1898 between Spain and US, the result of American intervention in the Cuban war of Independence. After Spanish sinking of battleship Maine, McKinley decided to get involved, US sent an ultimatum to Spain to surrender Cuba. Led to Treaty of Paris, temporary US control over Cuba.

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Philippine Americna War

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Rose from struggle of first Philippine Republic to gain independence following annexation by the US.

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Dollar Diplomacy

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US efforts (especially Taft) to further aims in Latin America and East Asia through economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries.

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Open Door Policy

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policy in 1899, allowing multiple imperial powers access to China with none of them in control of the country.

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Roosevelt Corollary

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US will intervene in conflicts between Europe and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly