U.s. History 1St Semester Exam Review

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Gilded Age

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The term for this period came into use in the 1920s and 30s and was derived from writer Mark Twain's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding.

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Homestead Act

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Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.

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Pacific Railway Act

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The Pacific Railroad Acts were a series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the Pacific Railroad) in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.

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Results in Cities from Industrial Growth

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It was in growth of the city as they grew larger and larger through out time goes.

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Purposes of the american Federation of labor

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The American Federation of Labor was a group made up of various craft and trade unions whose goals were to gain collective bargaining powers for its member unions so that they could fight for better wages, hours and working conditions for skilled workers.

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horizontal Integration & John D. Rockefeller

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John D. Rockefeller is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger. The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service.

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Andrew Carnegie & new methods of steel productions

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The history of the modern steel industry began in the late 1850s, but since then, steel has been basic to the world's industrial economy. This article is intended only to address the business, economic and social dimensions of the industry, since the bulk production of steel began as a result of Henry Bessemer's development of the Bessemer converter in 1857. Previously steel was very expensive to produce and only used in small expensive items such as knives, swords and armour.

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Purpose of the Farmers Grange movement

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The Grange Movement, 1875. The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States.

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Robber Baron

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an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.

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Social Darwinism

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the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

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Nativism

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he policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

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Advice of Booker T. Washington to Africa Americans

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he told the blacks to move forward to the racial progress

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Advice of W.E.B. Dubois to Africa Americans

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it was to rise up and speak what was on his mind

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Muckraker

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Meaning "one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in reference to "man ... with a Muckrake in his hand" in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" (1684) who seeks worldly gain by raking filth.

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Meat Inspection act

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The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.v

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Pure Food & Drug Act

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Excerpt from the Pure Food and Drug Act. An Act— For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes.

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Temperance

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Temperance is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint. It is typically described in terms of what an individual voluntarily refrains from doing.

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Carrie Chapman Catt wanted women's suffrage by what method

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by social darwinism

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Purpose Jane Addams Started Settlement Houses

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Settlement House Movement. ... In 1886, Stanton Coit founded Neighborhood Guild, the first US settlement house, in New York City. In 1889, Jane Addams and her friend Ellen Starr founded Hull-House in Chicago, which would eventually become the most famous settlement house in the US.

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Reasons for the 16th amendment graduated income tax

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The 16th amendment is an important amendment that allows the federal (United States) government to levy (collect) an income tax from all Americans. Income tax allows for the federal government to keep an army, build roads and bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties.

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the Chinese exclusion act of 1882

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The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

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interstate commerce commission

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The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.

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national reclamation

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The Reclamation Act (also known as the Lowlands Reclamation Act or National Reclamation Act) of 1902 (Pub.L. 57–161) is a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West.

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define rational use

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Rational use of medicines requires that "patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community".

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recall/ referendum/initiative all allow voters what?

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is a general term which refers to a measure that appears on the ballot. ... Legislative referenda may appear on the ballot in all 50 states. The popular referendum is a device which allows voters to approve or repeal an act of the Legislature.

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Laissez faire economics

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French for 'leave alone', laissez-faire is an economic theory that became popular in the 18th century. The driving idea behind laissez-faire as a theory was that the less the government is involved in free market capitalism, the better off business will be, and then by extension society as a whole.

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Anthracite who was assassinated, vice president roosevelt became the president

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it was elkins

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president roosevelt's square deal

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A term for President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

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president wilson's new freedom & what 3 progressive Amendments he signed

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well, he had to sign the 16th amendment.

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iimperialism

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Imperialism means "to extend a country's power through military and diplomacy

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Sewards folly

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The Treaty with Russia was negotiated and signed by Secretary of State William Seward and Russian Minister to the United States Edouard de Stoeckl. Critics of the deal to purchase Alaska called it "Seward's Folly” or “Seward's Icebox."

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hawaiian annexation

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House Joint Resolution 259, 55th Congress, 2nd session, known as the "Newlands Resolution," passed Congress and was signed into law by President McKinley on July 7, 1898. Once annexed by the United States, the Hawaiian islands remained a U.S. territory until 1959, when they were admitted to statehood as the 50th state.

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yellow journalism

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journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

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spanish american war

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The Spanish–American War (Spanish: Guerra hispano-estadounidense or Guerra hispano-americana) was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898

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panama canal

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the canal is a 40 mile canal in panama

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roosevelt corollary to the monroe doctrine

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The Monroe Doctrine had been sought to prevent European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, but now the Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere.v

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causes of WW1

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The direct cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. However historians feel that a number of factors contributed to the rivalry between the Great powers that allowed war on such a wide-scale to break out.

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who was assassinated & caused the start of WW1?

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In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914.

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allies at the beginning of WW1

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The Allies included Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States. These countries fought against the Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Archduke Ferdinand, of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by a Serb on June 28, 1914.

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central powers

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World War One is a conflict between the Central Powers and the Allies. The Central Powers (red) consist of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. Important allied powers (yellow) are Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and the United States.

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isolationism

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a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

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reasons for U.S. Entry into WW1

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I know one of them was the neutrality give to the war.

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schenk v.U.S.

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Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, is a United States Supreme Court case concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I.

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Leaders from britain/ France/ U.S. that negotiated Peace at versailles

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The Council of from left to right): David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson in Versailles.Portrait of Thomas Woodrow Wilson, 1919.David Lloyd George, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, prime minister of Italy.

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reparations

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the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.

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league of nations & explain U.S. refusal to join

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League of Nations. ... The League of Nations was thought up by Woodrow Wilson, the American President during the First World War. It was to be a group of nations that worked together to keep peace. One of the reasons for its downfall was that, after a vote, the American public refused to join.

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14 points goal and author

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The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I