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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was William Jefferson Clinton?
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Democrat, former governor of Arkansas, 42 president, wins 1992 election at age 46, elected to fix the economy.
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Who was Ross Perot?
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Independent third party candidate in 1992 election, gets 19% of vote, a businessman. Perot says reduce federal deficit.
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What was a "New Democrat" in the 1992 election?
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Clinton in 1992. Promises to move away from traditional Democratic policies, move towards the center, more private businesses, get people off welfare.
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What did Clinton pledge on health care?
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Affordable health care for all Americans.
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Who did he put in charge of the health care legislation in his administration?
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Hillary Clinton.
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Did the health care bill pass Congress?
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NO
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Why did Clinton's health care plan fail?
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Lobbying against the bill by special interests like drug companies and the charge by republicans that it would be a "big government" proposal.
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What policies did Clinton succeed with?
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REDUCED THE FEDERAL DEFICIT
WELFARE REFORM |
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What happened at Columbine?
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1999 at Columbine high school, 2 students shot and killed 12 students, a teacher and wounded 23 others, then killed themselves.
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What happened at the World Trade Center in 1993
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Terrorists exploded bombs in the parking garage beneath the building trying to blow up the building
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What happened in Oklahoma City in 1995?
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Timothy McVeigh blew up a federal office building and killed 168 people.
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What was Clinton's policy with China?
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TRADE, China gets permanent trading rights. Clinton talks about increased democracy but acts for trade and economic rights.
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What was Clintons policy with Haiti?
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Clinton intervened in Haiti to depose a dictator-sent American troops into Haiti in 1994. "Wiling to use troops to end conflicts overseas"
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What was Clinton's policy for Yugoslavia?
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Intervention, cooperation with NATO, trying to end the "ethnic cleansing", US troops working with NATO. Three years later, US and NATO have air strikes against Serbia. Also peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Kosovo.
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What was NAFTA and Clinton's position?
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Clinton advocates FREE TRADE, wants Mexico to become part of the free trade zone with US and Canada. 1994, Mexico joins NAFTA
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What is the WTO and Clinton's position?
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WTO is the World Trade Organization, Clinton supports trade around the world, believes it is the key to US economy.
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Who was Newt Gingrich?
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Republican congressman from Georgia, rises up to lead republicans against Clinton in 1994. Republicans win House and Senate in 1994 and Gingrich becomes House Speaker.
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What was the "Contract with America"?
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Document prepared by Newt Gingrich listing the 10 bills congress would pass if Republicans controlled it after the 1994 elections.
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What was in the "Contract with America?
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congressional term limits, balance budget amendment, tax cuts, tough on crime and welfare reform.
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Why did Clinton get impeached?
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Clinton lied under oath about a sexual relationship with a White House intern. Congress voted to impeach him but the Senate did not convict him by 2/3 vote at trial, he remained president.
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Who were the candidates for president in 2000?
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Vice president Al Gore and the governor of Texas, George W. Bush.
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What happened in the election of 2000?
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It was very close, whoever won Florida would win the 270 electoral votes and the election. Gore won the national popular vote but Bush won Florida. There was a recount that took over a month and finally the Supreme Court voted 5 to 4 to stop the recount, Bush became president
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What did Bush do to taxes when he became president?
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CUT TAXES
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What did Bush do to combat terrorism?
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Anti-terrorism laws, created the Department of Homeland Security, aviation security
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Where did the Bush administration attack terrorism abroad?
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First, Afghanistan. In October, 2001 a US Coalition attacked Afghanistan. Within a year, Al-Queda was defeated there but Osama bin Ladan got away.
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Why did Bush attack Iraq?
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Weapons of mass destruction, fear that they would be used against US and allies. Stop Iraq from supporting terrorists that attacked the US.
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What did Bush focus on domestically?
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Education: "No Child Left Behind"-more testing and more school choice for parents.
Economy: more tax cuts and Sarbanes Oxley Act to try to prevent accounting scandals. |
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What was unemployment like in 2000?
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VERY LOW, lowest in 30 years.
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How did the change from an industrial economy to a service economy affect America's economic security?
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"more service, less security", in the service sector, jobs were not a secure, fired more often or downsized.
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How did downsizing affect people?
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Downsizing means that companies get rid of permanent workers, hire temps or mechanized. This ment that there were fewer good jobs, more jobs for minimum wage, harder for young people to find jobs, fewer jobs with security and good benefits and this all impacted the ability of people to get home, build a community and buy goods.
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What was the "New Economy"?
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The New Economy referred to all the companies and businesses created around the Internet and the web in 2000. People predicted that the price of doing business would fall and productivity rise but it did not really happen.
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What is GATT?
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade- reduced trade barriers and established the WTO to resolve trade disputes.
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What effect did NAFTA have on US economy?
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100,000 low paying jobs in US go to lower paying jobs in less developed companies. To be competitive, US companies have to reduced wages in the US.
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Effects of technology
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technology increased the pace but also the comforts of many Americans lives, more interconnected.
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Pathfinder/Hubble Space Telescope
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1995, discovered first new planet with Hubble telescope outside our solar systems, expanded our views of the universe
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Environmental Concerns
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more awareness,need to reduce use of fossil fuels, recycling, global warming all became real to people in the 1990s.
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Urban V Suburban
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Growth of suburbs from 1950-1980s because of need for privacy, space, better school. Flight to suburbs led to lower tax base in the cities, cities became poorer, suburbs richer. Trend started to reverse with gentrification.
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Graying Of America
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Primary reasons: aging of the baby boomers and increase life span of average American. Big problems for social security and Medicare, both programs are running out of money, especially Social Security, there are not enough young workers and too many temporary workers to keep funding social security.
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Native American Advances
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still bad news for Native Americans, very high rates of poverty, suicide, alcoholism. Raising money for native tribes through gaming.
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Visual Summary pg 890
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Economics: expansion in 1990s, growth of technology and service industry, global trade.
Politics: Clinton impeached, "too close to call" in 2000, conflicts in Middle East and Balkans. Technology: wider communication, improve health and lifestyle Demographics: minorities to suburbs, singles return to cities, changing immigration patterns. |
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War on Terrorism
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...
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Munich Games 1972
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Palestinians terrorists killed two Israeli Olympic athletes and took nine hostages at the Munich 1972 Olympics.
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IRA
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Irish Republican Army (Catholic) uses terrorist tactics against England. They oppose British control in Northern Ireland. Since 1998, have been working towards peace.
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Al-Queda
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Muslin terrorist group responsible for 9/11 and many attacks against US in Africa.
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Effect of 9/11
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Changed America forever, do not feel safe from terrorist attacks on own soil. Led to Afghanistan and Iraq wars and the war on terror.
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Department of Homeland Security
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Bush created this department to combat terrorism in the United States. It is supposed to deal with border threats, airplane security, coordinate response to terrorist attacks.
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USA Patriot Act
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Law signed in 2001 gives US government broad powers to conduct searches and surveillance of suspected terrorists.
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WMD
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Weapons of Mass Destruction: biological, chemical or nuclear weapons. The US believed that Saddam Hussein was providing terrorist with weapons of mass destruction.
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North Korea
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One of the three countries identified by Bush as the "axis of evil", North Korea, Iran and Iraq. North Korea is ruled by a cruel dictator, they are trying to develop nuclear weapons and already have and sell weapons of mass destruction.
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History of Poverty
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Long history of poverty in American, many people in poverty are the "working poor", there are many reasons that poverty is hard cycle to break out of: job skills, good work habits, child care
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LBJ's War on Poverty
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LBJ expanded education, training and financial aid for poor people, his administration was responsible for a drop of people living below the poverty line from 20% to 11%. LBJ was the last president to really address the issue of poverty.
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Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
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Clinton's welfare reform bill, cut more than $55 billion in welfare spending over six years and put a five year limit on how long people could receive welfare payments. Offered incentive to get welfare people to work.
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Conservation
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Conservation means the management and protection of the Earth's resources. There are always conflicts between conservation and growth of the economy. American has made conservation progress but is the worst nation with respect to greenhouse gasses, we consume 25% of the world's energy.
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Clean Air
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Clean air progress in reduced lead emission but problems in burning of fossil fuels and global warming.
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Greenhouse Effect
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Burning of fossil fuels and other human activities raises the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming. US has not done much of anything to reduce its greenhouse gases primarily because politician are afraid to impact the economy.
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Helping Animals
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Endangered species act.
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ANWR
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Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Bush wanted to open ANWR for drilling, environmentalist opposed because drilling for oil would destroy a fragile ecosystem.
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How has technology impacted health care?
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MRI better view of the body and what is going wrong
improved cancer survival rates with new therapies better treatment of HIV AID |
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Where do most of the immigrants in the second half of the 20th century come from?
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Mexico, South American and Asia.
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What do current immigration trends show about the future makeup of the US?
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By 2050, Latinos will be the largest minority in the US. Already, California has more minorities than whites.
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What happened on Sept. 11, 2001?
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Arab terrorists attacked the US. They hijacked four airplanes, flew two into the world trade center building, one into the pentagon and one into a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 Americans died.
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What were some of the impacts of 9/11?
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American never felt safe from terrorists in their country again.
Americans passed new laws and attacked terrorists around the world. |
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What were the responses to 9/11?
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War on Afghanistan, hunting for Al-Queda and bin Ladan.
Creation of Homeland Security. Passed Patriot Act. Increased Airline security. Led to war in Iraq. |
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What did Bill Clinton do to the federal budget?
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Cut spending on government programs and create a surplus.
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What are block grants?
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set amounts of federal money that states could spend on welfare or other social programs...big part of Clinton's welfare reform in 1996.
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What happened in Chechnya?
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Russian attacked rebels in the Russian province of Chechnya, US protests.
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What happened in Kosovo?
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Serbians attacked Albanians in Kosovo, US and NATO launch air strikes to force the Serbs down, then international peacekeeping.
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What is the WTO?
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World Trade Organization, promote free trade, its meetings are usually site of big protests.
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Dole v. Clinton, 1996 presidential election.
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Clinton wins easily. Strong economy and welfare reform make Clinton popular.
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"too close to call"
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2000 presidential election, Bush v. Gore, comes down to a recount of the votes in Florida. Supreme Court stops the recount after one month, declares Bush the winner.
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What was the name for the Afghanistan War?
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Operation Enduring Freedom
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What was the military name for the Iraq war?
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Operation Iraqi Freedom
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What was Sarbanes Oxley about?
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trying to prevent corporate scandals by requiring greater disclosure and establishing a regulatory board to oversee accountants.
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What was the California recall about?
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Gray Davis was recalled (thrown out) as governor and Arnold Schwarzenegger was elected. 2002
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