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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Freedmen’s Bureau
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Reconstruction, 1865
- helped the newly freedmen by negotiating labor contracts and setting up schools - Commissioner, Union General Oliver Howard |
Significance?
- Lincoln's Plan - Republican Party - Differences in the Republican Party - Reconstruction |
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Social Gospel
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- Progressive Era
- integrated Christianity with social issues in society, changing it from strictly church to applying those principals in the community - needed to be upgraded for an industrialized, modern setting - the rise of the settlement houses, Jane Addams, Hull House |
Significance?
- Reformers - Progressivism - New Industrial Order |
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Tom Watson
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- Southern Alliance, one of the precursors to the Populists parties
- worked alongside "Pitchfork" Ben Tillman - tried to win Southern Democrats over and advocated for government regulation - became prominent once the Populist Party was created - started out advocating for civil rights, however became an advocate for the KKK (this is how he represents a view of populism) - opponent of New South |
Significance?
- Progressive Era and response to NIO - Proto-Populists - Populism, the People's Party - Revolt of the farmers - Political Paralysis |
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Jim Crow
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- series of black codes that disenfranchised and kept a system de facto slavery in the South
- a web of statues that were meant to maintain a racial caste system and white supremacy - disenfranchisement partly by literacy tests - lynching and white supremacies jubilees - Plessy v. Ferguson - African-American response split between Washington and DuBois |
Significance?
- The "New South" - Jim Crow Politics, Wilson in the White House - Federal gov't laissez-faire approach on race - segregation legal |
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James B. Eads
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- built the Eads Bridge that was a manifestation of the interconnectivity of the NIO
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Significance?
- 1880s, 90s New Industrial Order - Period of great change, rapid industrialization |
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Radical Republicans
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- 1865-1877
- extremely progressive members of the Republican Party right after the Civil War who advocated the Radical Reconstruction of the South - led by thaddeus stevens, ben wade, and charles sumner - abolitionists - forfeited rights view - civil rights act, 14th and 15th amendments - military reconstruction act - tenure of office act |
Significance?
- Reconstruction -Different visions in the Republican Party - Republican Party - Southern White Bitterness |
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John D. Rockefeller
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- Standard Oil Company
- regulates 90% of US oil - uses oil trusts because he cannot legally "own" property outside of OH - utilizes the vertical ladder, which eliminates the middle man |
Significance?
- Entrepreneurs/Robber barrens - NIO, 1880s |
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Russell Conwell
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preached the sermon, "Acres of Diamonds" 6,000 times claiming that it is your Christian duty to get rich because there are many opportunities
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Significance?
- Social Darwinism got into popular culture - blaming the poor for being poor |
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Morrill Acts
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- 1862, 1890s
- named after Justin Morrill, father of the agricultural college act - land grant acts that are meant for technical/agriculture schools; the second one is for HBCUs - A&M, A&T colleges - Reflect the ultitarian need of the NIO |
Significance?
- Improvement in education |
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Haymarket Affair
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- May 1886, Chicago
- International Harvester Plant - a strike occurred where one of the strikers were killed - the next day a mob formed with a few anarchists in it, setting a bomb off and killing a few people; the anarchists were German and had membership to the Knights of Labor (which never fully recovered from that affiliation); five of the men were hanged - showed how police authority usually sided with management and not the workers |
Significance?
- Knights of Labor - Unions - Labor |
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Atticus Haygood
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- Southern Methodist preacher who advocated racial reconciliation between whites and blacks
- Christians should help uplift them |
Significance?
- Racial reconciliation in the South, New South period (proponent) |
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Eugene V. Debs
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- Social Democratic Party, ran for president many times
- a part of the socialist presence in the late 1800s, but are not really connected with labor unions |
Significance?
- Socialism - Labor - NIO |
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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- the government needed to expand its Navy
- wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" (1890) |
Significance?
- Advocate for imperialism |
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Herbert Spencer
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- coined the term "survival of the fittest;" incorporated Darwinism with economics (social Darwinism)
- neo-liberalism/laissez-faire view of government interaction in the economy |
Significance?
- Proponent of the New Industrial Order, capitalism |
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Muckrakers
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- journalists who blew the lid on the abuses of the leaders of the NIO and displayed social issues
- Henry Lloyd, Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell |
Significance?
- New Industrial Order - Progressive Era, Guild Age, Populism - Social justice |
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“Swift & Co. vs. U.S.”
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- 1905
- broke up the meat trusts |
Significance?
- Assault on monopolies - Progressive Era, shows that the federal government is expanding its power |
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Election of 1912
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- Taft v. Roosevelt v. Woodrow Wilson
- Wilson won because of split Republican votes - first time that a Democrat gains the presidency with majority in Congress |
Significance?
- Progressive Era - Brings Jim Crow to the White House |
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Jane Addams
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- Hull House Settlement
- advocated for settlement houses in order to better the surrounding communities |
Significance?
- Emergence of Urban America - Social Gospel, Progressive Era - Reformers |
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“Missionary Diplomacy”
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- bring Christianity to "savages" to foreign lands
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Significance?
- Religious justification for imperialism (1880s, 90s), demonstrated in the Philippines |
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William Tweed
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- "Boss" in Tammany Hall in NYC, Democratic Political Machine
- primary job to build up constituencies - gave to the public/immigrant/poor demographics for the purpose of gaining votes - very corrupted system |
Significance?
- Reformers - Muckrakers |
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John Wesley Powell
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- head of the US Geological Survey and a geology professor
- felt that water needed to be conserved in the West because it was very scarce - new way of thinking: communal rather than private property - settlement must respect the shape of water sheds |
Significance?
- White vision of the West - lost in the argument for economic growth and commerce (William Gilpin) - the "rains follows the plough" - Trans-MS West |
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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- advocated for Native Americans
- wrote A Century of Dishonor (1881), basically claiming that America broke all of its promises and treaties with the Native American communities while the Native Americans did - However, came to feel that assimilation would be the only means of survival for Native Americans (which would erase their culture, exchanging it for an America one) |
Significance?
- War of the West, Reformers (about Native American policy) - Trans-MS West |
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“Atlanta Compromise”
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- 1903
- what DuBois calls Washington's speech, "The Atlanta Exposition" (1895) proposed by Booker T. Washington - traded in civil rights and liberties for economic gain for blacks |
Significance?
- Division among African American leaders - The New South |
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Greenbacks
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- unbacked money that would cause inflation; however, would help those indebted because it would have more money in circulation, devaluing their debt
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Significance?
- Labor unions - Populism |
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Robert L. Dabney
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- one of the greatest theological speakers of the time
- opposed the idea of the "New South" - wanted to keep the South the way it was - believed that the Confederacy was right, just lost on the battlefield |
Significance?
- The "New South" creed/economy |
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“March of the Flag”
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- 1898
- Albert Beveridge - encouraging imperialism - the main idea is that the Anglo-Saxon race are a higher race for Christianity (spread it), civil liberty, and economic opportunity with new markets in foreign countries |
Significance?
- Demonstrates the winning side of the debate over imperialism. Explain. |
