U.s. History

Front 1

The earliest inhabitants of America, the Native Americans, are believed to have arrived on the continent by crossing a land bridge which connected Siberia to present day ______.

Back 1

Alaska.
Explanation
Over 10,000 years ago, a slowly receding glacier left open a neck of land between Siberia and present-day Alaska. Waves of people made their way into America across this bridge before it was covered by ocean waters.

Front 2

The Treaty of Tordesillas, established in 1494, divided land between Spain and ________ in the Americas

Back 2

Portugal:
Explanation:
The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon between Spain and Portugal in 1494. Originally the pope set the "Line of Demarcation" to split up the New World, but it was unfair to the Portuguese, so the two countries worked out their own line.

Front 3

Spain used armies led by ______________ to conquer the Americas from the Indians.

Back 3

Conquistadores
Explanation:
"Conquistadores" were Spanish adventurers who led soldiers in exploring and seizing American land. Often the European diseases they carried with them were more effective than their weapons in wiping out the Indians.

Front 4

In 1513, _____________________, a Spanish conquistador, crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

Back 4

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Front 5

Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish conquistador who explored and claimed _______ in 1513 (same year as Balboa discovered the Pacific).

Back 5

Florida
Explanation:
Ponce de Leon searched for gold and the "fountain of youth," and in the process claimed Florida for Spain.

Front 6

In 1519, _______________, a Spanish conquistador, led an army against the Aztec Indians of Mexico

Back 6

Hernando Cortes
Explanation:
Cortes led an expedition to conquer the Aztec Indians. He ended up wiping out the Aztec empire and getting substantial wealth

Front 7

Hernando de Soto led a ___-man expedition through the southeastern portion of North America. He was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River.

Back 7

600
Explanation:
Hernando de Soto was a Spanish Conquistador and played a big role in broadening Spain's knowledge of North America. He landed in Florida in 1539 and led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of the present-day United States.

Front 8

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador who started in ______, and explored what is now the southwestern United States

Back 8

Mexico
Explanation:
Coronado explored what is now the southwestern US. His men ended up being the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.

He set out about the same time as de Soto; his goal was to find the "Seven Cities of Cibola," which were supposedly full of gold.

Front 9

In 1497, __________, an Italian explorer, set out to find a Northwest Passage, and ended up claiming mainland North America for England

Back 9

John Cabot
Explanation:
John Cabot was looking for the Northwest Passage--a route to Asia going through the Americas. He found none, but ended up hitting mainland North America and claiming it for England.

Front 10

In 1534, _______________ a French explorer, claimed portions of Canada for France.

Back 10

Jacques Cartier
Explanation:
Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence river, hoping to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He ended up claiming large portions of present day Canada for France.

Front 11

The oldest city in North America is St _________, Florida.

Back 11

Augustine
Explanation:
St. Augustine, in Florida, was originally built as a fort to protect Spanish land.

Front 12

In 1588, Spain sent a mighty fleet, the Spanish ______, to conquer England. This fleet was destroyed by the English navy, and resulted in a war between England and Spain which lasted until 1604.

Back 12

Armada

Front 13

The Jamestown settlement in Virginia was financed by a group of English merchants who formed the ______ Company.

Back 13

London
Explanation:
It was given a charter by the king to set up a colony in Virginia. Its goal was profit--not to set up an agricultural community, but a trading post which earned gold

Front 14

Sir Walter Raleigh started the first English settlement in North America on _______ Island, and named a portion of land "Virginia."

Back 14

Roanoke
Explanation:
Sir Walter Raleigh named the mainland area he intended to colonize Virginia, but Roanoke Island was actually off the coast of present day North Carolina. Roanoke Island did not last long; it was found deserted when the leader returned from a trip to England

Front 15

The first permanent settlement in North America by the English was Jamestown. It looked doomed to failure like previous attempts, had it not been for the leadership of __________.

Back 15

John Smith
Explanation:
Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent settlement by the English in North America. John Smith's leadership was key to its survival.

Front 16

In 1612, __________ started growing Tobacco in Virginia, which became a huge cash crop, and motivated England to increase its attempts at settlement.

Back 16

John Rolfe
Explanation:
John Rolfe discovered that tobacco grew well in Virginia. There was a lucrative market for tobacco in Europe, so this gave England a compelling reason to want to colonize America.

Front 17

In an effort to encourage _________ to settle in Virginia, English settlers were promised the same rights as people in England--this resulted in the first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses.

Back 17

colonists
Explanation:
The House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the English colonies

Front 18

Indentured servants differed from slaves in that they were free after working for a specified period of time. Also, they had legal ______ that could be enforced in court, and there was no social stigma attached to this type of servitude

Back 18

rights
Explanation:
Indentured servants were people who paid for their passage from Europe by agreeing to work without pay for a specified time period. Unlike slaves, they were free after fulfilling their contract, and had legal rights. Many settlers in Virginia and Maryland paid their way there by agreeing to work as indentured servants

Front 19

The French established a successful fur trade with the Indians in North America. In 1608, a French explorer named Samuel de Champlain established a trading post in ______, which was the beginning of "New France."

Back 19

Quebec

Front 20

n 1609, _______ sent Henry Hudson to search for the Northwestern Passage through America to Asia. He ended up discovering a large river named after him.

Back 20

Holland
Explanation:
Henry Hudson sailed to North America trying to find a Northwestern Passage. He ended up finding the Hudson River. The Dutch went on to establish a profitable fur trade on present-day Manhattan Island, which they named New Amsterdam.

Front 21

In 1620, the Pilgrims came from England in the Mayflower and settled ________, Massachusetts.

Back 21

Cape Cod
Explanation:
The Pilgrims were originally known as the Separatists, left England for religious freedom, and settled Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Front 22

Founded in ____, the most important colony founded in the Massachusetts Bay area was the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Back 22

1629
Explanation:
The colony was founded by the Puritans and many of their democratic ideas heavily influenced other English speaking colonies. Many of the early colonists fled to America to escape the religious persecution of King James I

Front 23

The Puritans settled Massachusetts in large numbers under the leadership of _____________.

Back 23

John Winthrop
Explanation:
The Puritans settled Massachusetts shortly after the Pilgrims. By 1642, there were over 20,000 puritan settlers

Front 24

The ________ who founded the New England colony did not believe in separation of church and state--they followed strict moral codes which were enforced by the government.

Back 24

Puritans
Explanation:
The Puritans followed strict moral codes. Judges administered the laws of the colony and the rules of the church. Education was important to the Puritans, and they had a high literacy rate because every person needed to be able to read the Bible.

Front 25

A puritan preacher, Roger Williams, founded __________, Rhode Island after being asked to leave Massachusetts for his disruptive activities.

Back 25

Providence

Explanation:
Roger Williams was a Puritan preacher who ended up fleeing from Massachusetts and founding Providence. He later combined Providence, Portsmouth and several other settlements to create Rhode Island.

Front 26

_______________ was banished from Massachusetts by the Puritans and ended up founding Portsmouth.

Back 26

Anne Hutchinson
Explanation:
Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, in what is now Rhode Island

Front 27

In 1636, _____________ left Massachusetts and founded Hartford

Back 27

Thomas Hooker
Explanation:
Thomas Hooker led a group of settlers to found Hartford, in what is now Connecticut

Front 28

The _____________ colony was founded primarily to show the world how a proper Christian society should be.

Back 28

Massachusetts
Explanation:
The Puritans settled Massachusetts with the intent of creating a model Christian community. Religious freedom was a secondary reason.

Front 29

Roger William's colony, Rhode Island, was unique in that it granted complete religious __________.

Back 29

toleration.

Front 30

Pennsylvania was one of the colonies which did not have an established ______, and was known for its climate of freedom and diversity, with Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, and Jews settling there

Back 30

church
Explanation:
Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, was known for its complete religious freedom, as opposed to mere religious toleration. It was one of the four colonies which did not have an established church--the other three being New Jersey, Delaware, and Rhode Island

Front 31

_____________ believed that there should be no government interference with religion, and established Rhode Island.

Back 31

Roger Williams
Explanation:
After being banished from New England, Roger Williams founded the Rhode Island colony. Part of the reason he was banned from New England was that he was outspoken on his belief that the government should not have control over religion.

Front 32

Maryland was founded as a refuge for English _________, and was a gift from the King of England to Lord Baltimore for his loyalty.

Back 32

Catholics
Explanation:
Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore, and guaranteed political rights to all Christians

Front 33

Virginia was the first English colony founded for trade and profit instead of for _________ reasons.

Back 33

religious
Explanation:
Most of the earliest colonies were founded for religious reasons; Virginia was founded for trade and profit--primarily through the growth of tobacco

Front 34

The ______________ colony developed as an overflow from the Virginia colony.

Back 34

North Carolina
Explanation:
The North Carolina colony was founded by settlers who drifted down from Virginia. Originally, the Carolinas were one colony, but differences in interest and outlook resulted in two different colonies

Front 35

The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the overcrowded West Indies. They started Charleston, named after the King, and had ____ as a cash crop.

Back 35

rice
Explanation
The South Carolina colony was settled by emigrants from the West Indies. From the beginning, South Carolina had slavery as a fully developed institution.

Front 36

The _____ colony of New Netherlands was conquered by James, the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II, and became New York.

Back 36

Dutch
Explanation:
James, the Duke of York, conquered New Netherlands with little bloodshed. He renamed it New York.

Front 37

The New Jersey colony was founded by two of the proprietors who _____ the Carolinas.

Back 37

owned
Explanation:
New Jersey was founded when King James II granted a chunk of New York to two of the original Carolinas proprietors.

Front 38

The New England colony had a significantly higher life expectancy and ________ rate than the other colonies.

Back 38

literacy
Explanation:
The New England colony, predominantly Puritan, had a life expectancy 25-30 years higher than other colonists. They were also better educated.

Front 39

In colonial times, _____ slaves were at the bottom of Southern society.

Back 39

black

Front 40

By the early eighteenth century, black slaves ___________ the white population of South Carolina.

Back 40

outnumbered
Explanation:
Due to the large numbers of slaves imported, by the early 18th century, black slaves outnumbered the white population in South Carolina. There were a large number of slaves in the Chesapeake colonies as well, but South Carolina had the most since it was dominated by large populations.

Front 41

The objective of British Mercantilism was to maximize the nation's ______.

Back 41

wealth.
Explanation
British mercantilism, which is taken from the word "merchant," involved managing the economy, as opposed to allowing free markets, to maximize profits for Britain.

Front 42

The Navigation Acts passed by the British Parliament severely limited with who and how the ________ could trade. There were four parts to these Acts, passed between 1651 and 1673

Back 42

colonies
Explanation
The Navigation Acts were passed, limiting who the colonies could trade with. It drove down the price of American goods, and raised the price of British goods, angering the colonists.

Front 43

Under the __________ Acts, certain products could be shipped only to England. At the same time, the colonies gained an advantage in the British market for many of these products, to include iron, raw silk, hemp, and Naval stores (i.e. masts, tar, pitch)

Back 43

Navigation
Explanation
Iron, raw silk, hemp, and naval stores are examples of some items for which Great Britain gave the colonies a market advantage. Naval stores include items such as masts, yards, bowsprits, etc.--the northern colonies were known for their shipbuilding.

Front 44

In 1676, England sent troops and ships to Virginia as a result of _____'s Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon.

Back 44

Bacon
Explanation:
Bacon's Rebellion was started by Nathaniel Bacon. He ended up dying of dysentery, but as a result England sent troops to Virginia, and tried to run the colony more strictly.

Front 45

In 1675, around 2000 settlers were killed by _______ in what is known as King Phillip's War.

Back 45

Indians
Explanation
King Phillip's War, led by Wampanoag chief King Phillip, resulted in the death of around 2000 settlers.

Front 46

King James II had a plan to create a unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey, which he planned on calling the ________ of New England.

Back 46

Dominion
Explanation
This was to be called the Dominion of New England, and would get rid of the representative assemblies currently in those colonies, and would impose the Church of England on the Puritans.

Front 47

A total of __ people were killed in the Salem Witch Trials in Salem Village.

Back 47

20
Explanation
Twenty people were executed before Puritan ministers could intervene.

Front 48

Pennsylvania was founded as a ______ for a group of people called the Quakers, who wanted to escape persecution for their beliefs

Back 48

refuge
Explanation:
Pennsylvania was founded as a refuge for the Quakers by William Penn. Penn received the land for Pennsylvania from King Charles and personally worked to maintain peaceful relations with the local Indians.

Front 49

King William's War, which was mainly fought in Europe did result in raids by Indians. It eventually was resolved with the Treaty of _______.

Back 49

Ryswick.
Explanation
King William's War in 1689 was primarily fought in Europe, and lasted 8 years.

Front 50

__________'s War, started in 1702 against France and Spain, gave Britain major territorial gains and trade advantages. It was ended with the Treaty of Utrecht.

Back 50

Queen Anne
Explanation:
Queen Anne's War was started in 1702, and lasted 11 years.

Front 51

In 1739, King George's War was fought with France and Spain, and was the first of England's wars in which the colonist troops played a major role. It was ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-________.

Back 51

Chapelle.
Explanation

King George's War lasted nine years, and thousands of colonial troops were killed fighting the French

Front 52

The _______ colony was founded in 1732 to act as a buffer between South Carolina and Florida. It was to be settled by the debtors and paupers who filled English jails

Back 52

Georgia
Explanation

General James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony, which ended up being a lot like South Carolina

Front 53

Prior to the American Revolution, _______ from the Chesapeake region accounted for nearly half of Britain’s trade with the colonies.

Back 53

Tobacco
Explanation

Before the cotton gin, tobacco was the most profitable crop to grow in America, and accounted for nearly half of the colonies' exports. Before the American Revolution, due to the Navigation Acts, the colonies were not allowed to export products to countries other than Britain.

Front 54

The _________ system was implemented by the London Company in Virginia to stimulate immigration. Every head of family already in Virginia received 50 acres of land, and 50 acres of land was given to every person who came to the colony.

Back 54

headright
Explanation

This was known as the "headright" system. The London Company owned the charter for Virginia, and hoped to populate its colony without expense by offering the one resource it had plenty of--land.

Front 55

In the 18th century, an intellectual movement was occurring in Europe, centered around the concept of ___________. This movement was known as the Enlightenment.

Back 55

rationalism.
Explanation

The Enlightenment movement was embraced by some Americans, and one of the most famous American followers was Ben Franklin.

Front 56

An English philosopher during the "Enlightenment" came up with a set of natural laws, saying that governments who did not provide the rights of life, liberty, and property could be overthrown. His name was __________.

Back 56

John Locke.

Explanation

John Locke came up with this "law of nature," which many Americans equated with the universal law of God.

Front 57

The author of Poor Richard's _______ was Benjamin Franklin, and it contained bits of wisdom and humor.

Back 57

Almanac

Front 58

From the 1720's the 1740's a movement known as the Great Awakening occurred in the colonies, resulting in the founding of some Ivy ______ Schools and a division in the religious community between "Old Lights", and "New Lights.

Back 58

League
Explanation

The Great Awakening was a time of religious revivals, and resulted in a division in the religious community.

Front 59

The French and Indian War was started in 1754 when George Washington was ordered to lead militiamen to expel the French settling in Western ____________.

Back 59

Pennsylvania.
Explanation

The French and Indian War lasted seven years, and was known as the "Seven Year's War" in Europe

Front 60

The _________________ War resulted in France losing all of its lands in North America, and expanded Britain's holdings to include Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi River.

Back 60

French and Indian
Explanation
The French and Indian War, ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris resulted in enormous expansion of England's land holdings in North America.

Front 61

In 1763, ________________ became prime minister of England, and was the first in a string of English leaders who agitated the colonists to the point of the Revolutionary war.

Back 61

George Grenville

Explanation

George Grenville passed laws through Parliament such as the Sugar Act, the Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act.

Front 62

Question 62 of 350

The Sugar Act of 1764 was the _____ act passed by the English Parliament to raise tax revenues in the American colonies. The purpose of the new revenue was to pay off the English debts incurred during the French and Indian War.

Back 62

first

Explanation

George Grenville pushed the Sugar Act through Parliament in 1764. It required high taxes be paid on goods imported into the colonies including molasses and sugar. Additionally the Act complicated the shipment of colonial goods requiring ship's captains to fill out a variety of confusing forms, the failure to do so resulting in the entire cargo being subject to seizure. Also, the Sugar Act ignored traditional government protections for a fair trial. Americans suspected of smuggling were no longer to be tried by a jury of their peers and instead were tried by judges of the Royal Admiralty. These British judges would receive five percent of any confiscated cargo and therefore were very motivated to find suspects guilty.

Front 63

Question 63 of 350

The Proclamation of 1763, passed by George Grenville, did not allow settlers to move west of the ____________.

Back 63

Appalachians
Explantion

The Proclamation of 1763 forbade settlers from moving west of the Appalachians, and was supposed to appease the Indians, who were constantly attacking settlers and costing England a lot of money

Front 64

Question 64 of 350

The Currency Act of 1764 made it illegal for the colonies to issue _____ money and required taxes be paid in gold or silver, also known as "specie".

Back 64

paper

Explanation

Specie means "hard money" and in the time of the American colonies it usually meant silver but it could also mean gold.

Front 65

Question 65 of 350

The _____ Act passed in 1765 was the first tax imposed directly on the Americans, and required them to purchase revenue stamps for practically anything they purchased.

Back 65

Stamp

Explanation

The Stamp Act, passed because of George Grenville, was one of the significant things that England did which made the colonists angry and suspicious.

Front 66

Samuel Adams formed the Sons of _______ to resist English tyranny as a result of the Stamp Act and other unfair laws.

Back 66

Liberty

Front 67

Grenville was replaced with Lord __________, who repealed the hated Stamp Act, and passed the Declaratory Act, which stated that England had the right to impose any laws or taxes on the colonies.

Back 67

Rockingham

Explanation

The Declaratory Act was aimed at the Americans' complaints of "taxation without representation." Most Americans, happy with the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignored the Declaratory Act.

Front 68

George Grenville was replaced by Lord Rockingham, who was quickly replaced by Charles Townshend, who passed the _________ Acts. What was known as the Boston Massacre occurred soon after.

Back 68

Townshend

Explanation

Charles Townshend had Parliament pass what was known as the Townshend Acts, which was another attempt by England to impose taxes on the colonists. Many colonists resisted, and five Bostonians were killed in the "Boston Massacre."

Front 69

Charles Townshend was replaced by Lord _____, and all taxes were repealed except for the tax on tea. Relations settled down between the colonists and England until the Tea Act of 1773.

Back 69

North

Explanation

The Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. This lowered the cost of British tea, making it cheaper than smuggled tea even though it was taxed. This resulted in the Boston Tea Party, where Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded a British merchant ship and threw the tea overboard.

Front 70

Under the __________ Acts, England had a monopoly over the American colonies' shipping.

Back 70

Navigation

Explanation

The Navigation Acts were meant to make the colonies and parent country dependent on each other--foreign vessels could not trade with English colonies, English vessels had a monopoly over all colonial shipping, and for certain products, the colonies could only trade with England, and the English merchants could only purchase these products from the colonies.

Front 71

The Boston _________ was Boston's response to the Tea Act of 1773, and involved people dressed as Indians boarding a British merchant ship and dumping the tea overboard.

Back 71

Tea Party

Explanation

The Boston Tea Party was organized by the Sons of Liberty, who dressed as Indians and dumped thousands of dollars worth of tea into the ocean.

Front 72

The Tea Act gave the British __________ Company a monopoly on all tea shipped to America, allowing the East India Company to charge prices lower than the tea smuggled in by colonial merchants.

Back 72

East India

Explanation

The Tea Act, also known as the East India Company Act, resulted in the Boston Tea Party as Americans resisted buying British tea. In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts.

Front 73

The British response to the Boston Tea Party in the form of five acts was known by the Americans as the ___________ Acts.

Back 73

Intolerable

Explanation

The colonists called the Quebec Act and the four acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party the "Intolerable Acts."

Front 74

In response to the Coercive Acts, which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts, the First ___________ Congress met in Philadelphia in September 1774.

Back 74

Coercive
Explanation

The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and tried to negotiate with Parliament, in addition to calling for the colonists to boycott and to prepare local militias to respond to possible use of military force by the English.

Front 75

The Continental Congress of 1774 resulted in the adoption of the Suffolk ________ which declared the Intolerable Acts unconstitutional.

Back 75

Resolves
Explanation

Additionally, the Suffolk Resolves created a colonial association to enforce the non-importation boycott.

Front 76

The Intolerable Acts placed the Massachusetts colony under military rule and forced colonists to provide food and housing for the ________ who ruled them.

Back 76

soldiers
Explanation

These were two of the main acts in the five acts known as the Intolerable Acts. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress met to assert American rights and demand repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

Front 77

The First Continental Congress was created in answer to the Intolerable Acts. England decided to ignore this Congress, however, and marched on Concord, starting the _____________ War.

Back 77

Revolutionary
Explanation

They marched on Concord, Massachusetts, intending to destroy a stockpile of colonial arms. The arms were gone, but a skirmish between colonial militia and the British broke out. This was the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Front 78

The _________ battle of the war was fought at Bunker Hill, on June 17, 1775. Over one thousand British soldiers were killed or wounded.

Back 78

bloodiest
Explanation

The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought when the Americans fortified a hill from which they planned to bombard the British troops who were occupying Boston. The British lost over a thousand men trying to seize control of this hill.

Front 79

In May, ____, the Second Continental Congress met, making a final plea to King George to intercede and restore peace. It also put George Washington in command of the New England army surrounding Boston.

Back 79

1775
Explanation

The Second Continental Congress met in May 1775. The "Olive Branch Petition" was their attempt to get King George to come up with a peaceful solution to the conflict.

Front 80

In January 1776, ____________ wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet arguing for complete independence.

Back 80

Thomas Paine
Explanation

Common Sense argued for complete independence, and is considered to have swayed thousands of Americans who had half-formed feelings about going to war with Britain. At around the same time, in March of 1776, Abigail Adams was pushing for the rights of women to not be forgotten. Though Abigail Adams did not disagree with women's limited role for the most part, she did believe that they deserved some rights. The most important rights that she wanted for women were the rights to education, as well as legal and political rights. In a letter to John Adams in 1776, she told him, "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."

Front 81

The Prohibitory Act by England was virtually a declaration of ___ on America, by declaring the colonies in rebellion.

Back 81

war
The Prohibitory Act was declared by England as they made preparation for all out war against the colonies.

Front 82

Early in the Revolutionary War, Fort ___________ was captured by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold.

Back 82

Ticonderoga

Front 83

The Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress on July 4, 1776. It was written by Thomas Jefferson, and summarized principles of human freedom and _______ government.

Back 83

popular
Explanation

The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and stated the common political ideas of the American people.

Front 84

In March 1776, Washington finally forced the British to leave Boston by placing cannons taken from Fort ___________ on a hill outside the city.

Back 84

Ticonderoga
Explanation:
Using oxen and sleds, the colonial army had dragged cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston over the winter. Washington used these cannons to force the British to leave Boston.

Front 85

After forcing the British to leave Boston, Washington experienced a string of defeats. His army was demoralized and falling apart, but a major victory at _______, NJ on Christmas night, 1776, saved his army.

Back 85

Trenton
Explanation:
Washington launched a surprise attack on the Hessians (Germans fighting for the British) at Trenton, New Jersey while they were still drunk on Christmas night.

Front 86

The French joined the colonists in the war against England, sending arms and money, and later ______, to America.

Back 86

troops
Explanation:
France openly joined the colonists after the Battle of Saratoga, having decided that the colonists might be able to win the war after all. They did this to get back at their old enemy, England not because they valued freedom. The Spanish and the Dutch also joined the war a few months after the French.

Front 87

The British strategy was to end the war by 1777 by dividing the colonies into two. This effort was led by General ________, until he was defeated at Saratoga and surrendered his entire army.

Back 87

Burgoyne
Explanation:
General Burgoyne led an army down from Canada, retaking Fort Ticonderoga, and heading towards New York City. At Saratoga, he was defeated by Benedict Arnold and General Gates. This was a major victory, because it convinced the French to openly support the American effort.

Front 88

While British General Burgoyne was defeated at Saratoga, General Howe captured the American capital, ____________, forcing Congress to move to another city, and resulting in Washington spending the winter at Valley Forge.

Back 88

Philadelphia
Explanation:
General Howe captured Philadelphia and spent the winter there, forcing Congress to flee to Lancaster and then later set up in York, Pennsylvania.

Front 89

After General Howe captured Philadelphia, he was relieved by General _______, whose new strategy involved capturing the South.

Back 89

Clinton
Explanation:
General Clinton decided to focus on capturing the South, which rumors said contained many people loyal to Britain, known as Loyalists.

Front 90

In the South, Clinton and __________ took Georgia and South Carolina with ease, until forces led by Nathaniel Greene recaptured South Carolina

Back 90

Cornwallis
Explanation:
Washington appointed Nathaniel Greene to command the colonial forces in the South. Greene was victorious in crushing British opposition in South Carolina. Cornwallis then abandoned the South and led his forces into Virginia.

Front 91

After Nathaniel Greene retook South ________ from the British, Cornwallis moved up into Virginia, where he took up a defensive position at Yorktown, Virginia.

Back 91

Carolina
Explanation:
Cornwallis, following Clinton's orders, stayed in Yorktown. He ended up surrendering when Washington, with the aid of French fleet and army, surrounded his forces in Yorktown.

Front 92

The Revolutionary War ended after defeating Cornwallis at Yorktown with the Treaty of _____ of 1783.

Back 92

Paris
Explanation:
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 stated that the major European countries recognized the United States as a nation

Front 93

The initial government of the United States was outlined in the Articles of _____________, establishing a weak national government which could not levy taxes, raise troops, or regulate commerce.

Back 93

Confederation
Explanation:
The Articles of Confederation involved a unicameral Congress, and required unanimous approval of all the states to undergo amendment.

Front 94

The Articles of Confederation, established the first government of the United States after the Revolutionary War, and gave the federal government very _______ powers-- the ability to make war and treaties with other countries.

Back 94

limited
Explanation:
The Articles of Confederation provided for a government with no executive or judiciary branch, only a legislature. It did not give the federal government the power to impose taxes, or regulate trade; its power was limited to making war, alliances, and treaties with other countries. It was replaced by the Constitution in 1789.

Front 95

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was unable to collect taxes, and the country fell into financial trouble. The Newburgh Conspiracy was a plan by some to use the ____ to force the states to give up more power.

Back 95

army
Explanation:
The Newburgh Conspiracy was a movement by some who wanted a strong national government to use the army to force the states to relinquish some power. It was stopped by Washington, who appealed to his men.

Front 96

An attempt to ammend the Articles of Confederations so that the government could levy _____ was blocked by Rhode Island.

Back 96

taxes
Explanation:
Rhode Island alone turned down the amendment. Under the Articles of Confederation unanimous approval was required to make an amendment.

Front 97

The Land Ordinance of 1785 was how Congress controlled the splitting up of land in the Northwest. It provided for the distribution of land in units called _________.

Back 97

townships
Explanation:
The Land Ordinance of 1785 was also how Congress hoped to make some money; they ended up selling huge areas of land for mere pennies per acre to land companies.

Front 98

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided government for the Northwest, stated the requirements for becoming a recognized _____, and included a bill of rights. Also, it prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River.

Back 98

state
Explanation:
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 followed the Land Ordinance of 1785 in defining how the Northwest would be settled and governed

Front 99

The Jay-________ Negotiations in 1785 was an effort by John Jay to create a treaty with Spanish minister Gardoqui that would help the US break out of its economic depression by offering profitable commercial privileges.

Back 99

Gardoqui
Explanation:
The Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations were turned down by Congress since it showed little concern for the West and South by closing the Mississippi River to the transportation of goods.

Front 100

In 1787, the same year the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia, the Northwest Ordinance was passed to provide government for the territory northwest of the ____ River.

Back 100

Ohio
Explanation:
The Northwest Ordinance was passed in 1787 by the Continental Congress, while the Constitutional Convention was in session in Philadelphia.

Front 101

________________'s definition of human rights in the Declaration of Independence was borrowed from John Locke.

Back 101

Thomas Jefferson
Explanation:
Jefferson took this definition from John Locke--a European philosopher of freedom and natural rights.

Front 102

_____________ has been called the "Father of the Constitution."

Back 102

James Madison
Explanation:
James Madison came up with the "Virginia Plan," which called for an executive branch and two houses of Congress based on population. Madison asked Edmund Randolph, governor of Virginia to present his plan.

Front 103

The __________ plan called for a congress with one house, with equal representation from all states

Back 103

New Jersey
Explanation:
The New Jersey Plan had the small states in mind, demanding equal representation from each state.

Front 104

The _____ compromise was finally agreed upon when forming the Constitution, and provided for two houses of Congress, one with two Senators for each state, and the House of Representatives based on state population.

Back 104

Great
Explanation:
This was known as the Great Compromise, and combined Madison's Virginia Plan with the New Jersey Plan

Front 105

The Three-fifths compromise resulted in ______ being counted as three-fifths of a person for calculating Congressional representation and taxing for each state.

Back 105

slaves
Explanation:
The Three-Fifths Compromise was made during the writing of the Constitution.

Front 106

The power of Congress to impeach the President is an example of ______ and balances.

Back 106

checks
Explanation:
This power is an example of checks and balances. Other examples are the President's veto power, and the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.

Front 107

The new Constitution required _ states to ratify it to replace the Articles of Confederation.

Back 107

9

Front 108

The new Constitution required nine states to ratify it, but two states which refused to ratify resulted in delays in the Constitution taking effect. These two states were ________ and Virginia.

Back 108

New York
Explanation:
New York and Virginia, two of the largest states in the Union, refused to ratify the Constitution. Finally, they were persuaded largely by the promise to ratify a Bill of Rights which would guarantee the rights of citizens.

Front 109

Even after Virginia and New York decided to ratify the Constitution, two states refused to ratify. These states were ______________ and Rhode Island.

Back 109

Carolina
Explanation:
North Carolina and Rhode Island refused to ratify, Rhode Island going as far as to ignore the entire ratification attempt. They eventually gave into pressure after Congress threatened to treat them as foreigners.

Front 110

In 1787, representatives met in Philadelphia to discuss the plans for a Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation. This meeting was known as the Constitutional __________.

Back 110

Convention

Front 111

Those who supported the ratification of the Constitution called themselves ___________.

Back 111

Federalists

Front 112

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of _________ articles known as the Federalist Papers in an effort to convince people to support the Constitution.

Back 112

newspaper
Explanation:
They wrote the Federalist Papers, which explained the Constitution and how it prevented abuses of power.

Front 113

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had two very opposing ideologies. Hamilton believed in government by the _______ and powerful.

Back 113

wealthy
Explanation:
Alexander Hamilton believed in tying the wealthy and powerful to the government; he supported the growth of manufacturing, tariffs, and establishing a national bank. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson was basically southern and rural, and was on the side of the small farmer.

Front 114

In March ____, George Washington became our first president.

Back 114

1789
Explanation:
George Washington became president by an almost unanimous vote by the presidential electors. John Adams received the next highest number of votes, and became the vice president. The 12th amendment changed the process so that we vote for the president and vice president separately.

Front 115

Which body of Congress has the power to impeach the president? The ________________________.

Back 115

House of Representatives

Front 116

All bills passed in relation to _______ must originate in the House of Representatives.

Back 116

revenue
Explanation:
While it must be passed by both houses and signed by the president, all revenue-raising bills must originate in the House. Note that the tax related bills originate specifically in the Ways and Means committee of the House of Representatives.

Front 117

An elected term for a representative in the House of Representatives is _ years.

Back 117

2

Front 118

Which side of Congress serves as the court and jury in the impeachment process? ______

Back 118

Senate
Explanation:
The Senate acts as the court and jury, the House has the power to bring impeachment charges.

Front 119

An elected term for a Senator is _ years.

Back 119

6
Explanation:
The elected term is 6 years, and there is no limit to the number of times a senator can be re-elected. In the House of Representatives, a term is 2 years, and they also do not have a limit on the number of terms served.

Front 120

The Vice President of the US is the presiding officer for the ______.

Back 120

Senate
Explanation:
The vice president is the presiding officer for the senate, although it is normally the president pro tempore who presides. The vice president may vote to break a tie in the senate.

Front 121

Originally, there was no limit on the number of terms the _________ could serve, but the limit was set to two terms by the 22nd Amendment.

Back 121

President
Explanation:
The 22nd Amendment limits the president to two terms in office.

Front 122

The construction of America's _____ system was accomplished through the Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 122

court

Front 123

Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of ___ of the state legislatures to be ratified.

Back 123

3/4
Explanation:
Three-fourths of the state-legislatures must ratify an Amendment for it to take effect.

Front 124

The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the ______________.

Back 124

Bill of Rights.
Explanation:
The first ten amendments are called the Bill of Rights. There are currently 27 amendments.

Front 125

The ____ Amendment abolished slavery.

Back 125

13th

Front 126

The 10th Amendment reserved all power not granted to the federal government for the _____ government.

Back 126

state
Explanation:
The 10th Amendment stated that all power not specifically granted to the government belonged to the states. The first nine amendment had to do with personal freedoms.

Front 127

The 14th Amendment prohibits the states from interfering with _______'s rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Back 127

citizen
Explanation:
The 14th Amendment defines citizenship in a way that includes Blacks. It then goes on to say that no state can make a law that interferes with any citizen's equal protection under the law. The 14th Amendment was designed to keep the states from trying to take away rights guaranteed to all citizens, especially blacks.

Front 128

The Whiskey Rebellion was significant because George Washington's response showed the power of the new government formed under the ____________.

Back 128

Constitution
Explanation:
The Whiskey Rebellion was an incident where farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay a tax on liquor. When U.S. marshals tried to enforce the law, they were chased away by armed farmers. George Washington ended up leading an army to end the rebellion, showing that the new government had the power to enforce its laws.

Front 129

The first three departments of the executive branch which Congress established were the state, treasury, and ___ departments.

Back 129

war
Explanation:
The Department of War was one of the first three departments of the executive branch.

Front 130

In his Report on the Public Credit, __________________ proposed the establishment of a national bank.

Back 130

Alexander Hamilton
Explanation:
Alexander Hamilton wrote "Report on the Public Credit" in which he proposed a national bank. The Republicans opposed this idea, believing the constitution did not grant the power to establish one.

Front 131

In Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, he came up with a program for federal ___________ of industrial development.

Back 131

stimulation
Explanation:
In his Report on Manufactures, Hamilton proposed subsidies and tax incentives to help industrial growth.

Front 132

Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton's plan for a national bank because he believed in a ______ interpretation of the Constitution.

Back 132

strict
Explanation:
Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, as opposed to the "implied powers" stance which Alexander Hamilton favored. He also felt that a national bank would treat the poor farmers unfairly and it would favor the northeastern manufacturing industry.

Front 133

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established the concept of _______ powers by ruling that the federal government had the right to establish a national bank through Congress's power to borrow money and regulate commerce.

Back 133

implied
Explanation:
McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark case because it upheld the idea of implied powers, or the idea that Congress has powers other than those which are specifically stated in its enumerated powers.

Front 134

The first two political parties were Federalists and ___________.

Back 134

Republicans
Explanation:
The Federalists favored a strong central government with extensive powers, while the Republicans believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Front 135

Of the original two political parties, most big __________ supported the Federalist party.

Back 135

businesses
Explanation:
Big business supported the Federalist party, with its programs for encouraging industrial growth and other business-oriented ideas. This meant the Federalists had their strongest support from the Northeast and the South.

Front 136

In 1792, France, which had just declared itself a republic, went to war with a coalition of European monarchies led by England. Washington responded with a Proclamation of __________.

Back 136

Neutrality
Explanation:
Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality was his attempt at keeping the US out of the European War. Unfortunately, the British and French started seizing American ships which entered the European waters for trade.

Front 137

In 1794, John Jay was sent to negotiate with the British, who were seizing American crews and forcing them to work for the British ____.

Back 137

navy
Explanation:
John Jay was sent to negotiate, but the Treaty he came back with did not solve many of the problems he had been sent to resolve.

Front 138

Jay's Treaty of 1794 re-established _____ with Britain on a most favored nation status.

Back 138

trade
Explanation:
The treaty made no mention of British violations of American maritime rights (for example Britain's impressment of American sailors). The treaty was negotiated by John Jay, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Front 139

After John Jay's Treaty with Britain in 1794, the US ratified the ________ Treaty with Spain, granting Americans the right to use the Mississippi River.

Back 139

Pinckney
Explanation:
The Pinckney Treaty, negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, did three things--it allowed Americans to transport goods along the Mississippi and deposit cargo in New Orleans, and it established the 31st parallel as being Florida's northern boundary.

Front 140

The Battle of ______________ resulted in the Treaty of Greenville and cleared the Indians from the Ohio Territory.

Back 140

Fallen Timbers
Explanation:
The Battle of Fallen Timbers, won by General Wayne, was the victory which led to the Treaty of Greenville.

Front 141

The Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 occurred when farmers refused to pay a tax on whiskey, and chased off tax collectors. __________ responded with an army of 15,000 men.

Back 141

Washington
Explanation:
The Whiskey Rebellion showed that some people did not take the new government seriously. That's why Washington responded with such a large force, to give the federal government credibility.

Front 142

The saying "millions for defense, but not one cent for _______" became popular in response to the XYZ affair.

Back 142

tribute
Explanation:
This saying was trumpeted by the press after the XYZ affair--Delegates went to France in 1798 to convince them to stop harassing American ships, but the french foreign minister refused to meet the Americans. Instead, they had to speak with three unnamed officials who wanted a bribe. These three unnamed officials became X, Y, and Z.

Front 143

After the XYZ Affair, America and France were close to war. President __________ sent one more delegation in 1799; Napoleon was now in power, and signed a treaty.

Back 143

John Adams
Explanation:
Napoleon was now in power, and being bent on European conquest, he did not want to make an enemy of the US. He agreed on a treaty which restored commercial relations and stopped French harassment of American ships.

Front 144

The Alien Act allowed the president to ______ foreign immigrants he considered suspect, and made it more difficult to become an American citizen.

Back 144

deport

Front 145

Jefferson referred to his election as president as the "__________ of 1800."

Back 145

Revolution
Explanation:
After seeing some of the laws passed by the Federalists under John Adams, he came to see his victory as a victory for the future of the American republic.

Front 146

Washington DC was designed by Pierre ________.

Back 146

L'Enfant
Explanation:
John Adams was the first to occupy this new city near the end of his term.

Front 147

By refusing to rule on _______ vs Madison, Supreme Court Justice John Marshall established the court's power of judicial review.

Back 147

Marbury
Explanation:
Marbury vs Madison was an important case, because the Supreme Court established its power of judicial review over the other two branches.

Front 148

The ________ Act made it a crime to criticize the President or Congress.

Back 148

Sedition
Explanation:
The Sedition Act was passed by the Federalists, aimed at keeping the Republicans quiet.

Front 149

________ sold the land between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains to the US for $15 million, in what is known as the Louisiana purchase.

Back 149

Napoleon
Explanation:
The Louisiana Purchase effectively doubled the size of the United States.

Front 150

The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the ____________ and had the support of many small farmers and small landowners.

Back 150

Constitution
Explanation:
The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution. Many small farmers and small landowners were Anti-Federalists, and would later support the Republican Party established by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Front 151

Jefferson sent the Lewis and Clark group, consisting of __ men, to explore the Louisiana Purchase.

Back 151

48
Explanation:
The Lewis and Clark group was sent out to explore the land west of the Mississippi before the US even made the Louisiana purchase.

Front 152

In addition to the Lewis and Clark expedition, ____________ was sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Pike's peak was named after this group.

Back 152

Zebulon Pike
Explanation:
Zebulon Pike, a lieutenant, led a group to find the source of the Mississippi River. He was also sent to explore the Southwest portion of the newly purchased Louisiana Territory.

Front 153

In 1804, __________________ was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr.

Back 153

Alexander Hamilton
Explanation:
Dueling was illegal in the north, so at that point, Burr was wanted for murder.

Front 154

__________ became involved in a plot to start a new nation in the West; he was betrayed, arrested, and tried for treason.

Back 154

Aaron Burr
Explanation:
After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr came up with a scheme to establish a new nation in the West. He was arrested and tried for treason, but was acquitted by John Marshall, who redefined the legal definition of treason.

Front 155

The Barbary War was an undeclared war that lasted from 1801 to 1805, in which American ships were sent to stop the North ________ from harassing American merchant ships.

Back 155

Africans
Explanation:
The Barbary War resulted in nothing clearly being settled.

Front 156

The two major countries immigrants to the US came from in the early 1800s were _______ and Germany.

Back 156

Ireland
Explanation:
In the early 1800s, Ireland and Germany were the biggest sources of immigrants.

Front 157

British ships were boarding American ships and forcing sailors into the British Navy. When the HMS Leopard stopped the USS __________, off the coast of Virginia, Americans wanted war.

Back 157

Chesapeake
Explanation:
The HMS Leopard fired on the USS Chesapeake, and then boarded it and took four sailors and hung them, calling them British deserters. This was done right off the coast of Virginia.

Front 158

Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was the _______ of 1807, a total cut off of American trade.

Back 158

Embargo
Explanation:
The Embargo of 1807 was Jefferson's response to the Chesapeake--Leopard Affair, in which the HMS Leopard boarded the USS Chesapeake. This embargo was repealed two years later, after it had caused an economic depression.

Front 159

The _______ of 1807 was repealed by the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which opened trade with all countries except England and France.

Back 159

Embargo
Explanation:
Since the majority of US trade at that time was with England and France, the Act was largely ineffective. The Non-Intercourse Act stated that if England or France stopped harassing American ships, the US would re-open trade with that country.

Front 160

The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was replaced in 1810 by the _____ Bill no. 2.

Back 160

Macon
Explanation:
The Macon Bill No 2 stated that if either France or Britain were to withdraw that nation's proclamations against American shipping, the US government would give the other country three months to do the same.

Front 161

An Indian Chief named ________ succeeded in uniting the northwestern tribes until 1811 when General William Harrison defeated his brother, the Prophet, at Tippecanoe.

Back 161

Tecumseh
Explanation:
Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief.

Front 162

The _________ were a group of young politicians, eager for war, in the Congress of 1811. They resulted in President Madison asking for a declaration of war in 1812.

Back 162

War Hawks
Explanation:
The War Hawks were led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun.

Front 163

Commodore Oliver Perry defeated the British at Lake Erie, allowing General ________________ to go north into Canada and win the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812.

Back 163

William Harrison
Explanation:
Perry built a fleet on Lake Erie.

Front 164

Fort _______ resisted British bombardment in the War of 1812, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write the "Star Spangled Banner."

Back 164

McHenry
Explanation:
After the British set fire to Washington DC, they attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore, MD.

Front 165

In the war of ____, the British landed on the coast of Maryland, setting fire to the public buildings of Washington DC.

Back 165

1812
Explanation:
They set fire to the public buildings in Washington DC, including the Executive Mansion. The Executive Mansion was then repainted white and became the White House.

Front 166

Andrew _______ fought the British and won at the Battle of New Orleans two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed for the War of 1812.

Back 166

Jackson
Explanation:
Andrew Jackson fought a much larger force of British at the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson was a famous general in the war of 1812 who later became President. He was not the same general as "Stonewall" Jackson who fought on the Confederate side in the Civil War.

Front 167

The Treaty of _____ in 1814 ended the War of 1812.

Back 167

Ghent
Explanation:
The Treaty of Ghent, signed in Ghent, Belgium, ended the War of 1812. All land won in this war was restored to the pre-war owners.

Front 168

The first protective tariff in US History was passed in the year ____.

Back 168

1816
Explanation:
It was passed in 1816 due to the flood of cheap British products entering the country.

Front 169

The ____-Bagot Treaty was an agreement between England and the US not to have armed fleets on the Great Lakes, and is still in effect.

Back 169

Rush
Explanation:
The Rush-Bagot Treaty led to the removal of British and American fleets from the Great Lakes after the War of 1812.

Front 170

In 1817, ______________ led an army into Spanish-controlled Florida and occupied Pensacola, violating international law.

Back 170

Andrew Jackson
Explanation:
Andrew Jackson led an army into Florida, and hung two British men he suspected of selling arms to the Indians.

Front 171

In the ____-Onis Treaty signed in 1819, the US got control of Spanish Florida in return for $5 million.

Back 171

Adam
Explanation:
The Adam-Onis Treaty stated that the Spanish surrendered their claims to Florida in return for $5 million from the US government.

Front 172

The ______ Doctrine stated that North and South America were no longer open to colonization by European countries.

Back 172

Monroe
Explanation:
President Monroe made an announcement known as the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which in a sense was the United State's declaration of economic independence.

Front 173

_______ vs Madison established the Supreme Court's power to rule on the constitutionality of laws.

Back 173

Marbury
Explanation:
Marbury vs Madison, in 1803, was ruled by the first Supreme Court Justice John Marshall.

Front 174

Fletcher vs Peck (1810) was the first time a state law was declared ________________ by the Supreme Court.

Back 174

unconstitutional

Front 175

_________ College v. Woodward limited the power of state governments to control corporations.

Back 175

Dartmouth
Explanation:
In the case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) the New Hampshire State Legislature had passed laws amending the college charter which specified the college would have 12 trustees. The legislature changed the number to 21 and also appointed 25 overseers and gave the State general supervision of college affairs. The Supreme Court declared the State laws unconstitutional ruling that the laws violated the constitutional clause which prohibits States from passing any law which interferes with the obligation of contracts.

Front 176

Several rulings made by Chief Justice _____________ weakened state powers through cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.

Back 176

John Marshall
Explanation:
Chief Justice John Marshall first established the power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress, and then showed the power of federal courts to rule on the actions of individual states as well. For example, in Gibbons v. Ogden, he prevented New York from regulating interstate commerce.

Front 177

_________ v. Maryland established that the state does not have the power to regulate a federal agency.

Back 177

McCulloch
Explanation:
McCulloch vs Maryland was a ruling by John Marshall in 1819.

Front 178

_______ vs Ogden was a ruling by John Marshall that only Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce.

Back 178

Gibbons
Explanation:
Gibbons vs Ogden in 1824 was in response to a monopoly which New York had granted to Ogden to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey.

Front 179

The ________ Compromise, worked out by Speaker of the House Henry Clay, brought Missouri and Maine into the Union as states.

Back 179

Missouri
Explanation:
The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state. Also, it divided the Louisiana Purchase with a line--slavery would be prohibited in states which came in from above that line.

Front 180

The first state to be formed from the _________ Territory was Missouri.

Back 180

Louisiana
Explanation:
The Missouri Territory applied for statehood in 1819, and resulted in the Missouri Compromise.

Front 181

_____________ made the first steamboat in 1807.

Back 181

Robert Fulton
Explanation:
Robert Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, was built in 1807.

Front 182

The National Road, which connected Cumberland, Maryland, and Wheeling, Virginia, linking the _______ and Ohio Rivers, was built in 1818.

Back 182

Potomac
Explanation:
The National Road was financed by the federal government.

Front 183

The Erie Canal connected the ______ River with Lake Erie, and was the first canal built in the United States.

Back 183

Hudson
Explanation:
The Erie Canal was built in 1825.

Front 184

By 1830, ________ City was the US's largest city.

Back 184

New York
Explanation:
New York City was a large center for trade and business and dominated the domestic cotton market.

Front 185

_____________ built the first textile mill in the US based on plans he memorized from English designs.

Back 185

Samuel Slater
Explanation:
Samuel Slater built the first textile mill--this was a big step in the rise of factories in the US.

Front 186

In 1793 an American, Eli Whitney, invented the ______ gin.

Back 186

cotton
Explanation:
This was an engine that separated the fibers of raw cotton from the seeds and enabled a single slave to do what had previously required the hand labor of fifty slaves.

Front 187

Eli Whitney developed not only the cotton gin, but the principle of _______________ parts, which is used in mass-production.

Back 187

interchangeable
Explanation:
Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts was first applied towards mass-producing rifles.

Front 188

In 1828, the first organized ______ occurred in New Jersey.

Back 188

strike
Explanation:
Child workers started the first organized strike in the US in 1828.

Front 189

The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri into the Union as a _____ state.

Back 189

slave
Explanation:
Missouri came in as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state. Also, under the Missouri Compromise, slavery was prohibited in states north of the 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude line, with the exception of Missouri. This Compromise was later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Front 190

The best known American ______ in the United States in the early 1800's was Washington Irving.

Back 190

writer
Explanation:
Washington Irving, who wrote stories such as Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, was the best known American author. At that time, people mostly read books imported from Europe.

Front 191

In 1805, History of the __________ was published by Mercy Otis Warren.

Back 191

Revolution
Explanation:
Mercy Otis Warren published a multi-volume book, the History of the Revolution.

Front 192

The Second Great _________ began in 1801 in Kentucky in a religious "camp meeting."

Back 192

Awakening
Explanation:
The Second Great Awakening began in 1801, and led to a religious revival in the United States. The First Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals which occurred between 1720-1740. A leading preacher of the First Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards, who preached the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741. A Calvinist preacher, he spoke on how dangerously close to hell all the people were, in this well-known example of fire and brimstone preaching. This excerpt from the sermon gives a good idea of what the sermon was like: "God has laid himself under no obligation, by any promise to keep any natural man out of hell one moment."

Front 193

John Calhoun, John Quincy Adams' vice president (and later vice president under Andrew Jackson), anonymously published ______________ Exposition and Protest.

Back 193

South Carolina
Explanation:
John Calhoun, in opposition to what was known as the "Tariff of Abominations, "anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest," stating his theory that states could ignore laws they considered unconstitutional.
He was the last vice president to have served under two different presidents.

Front 194

The Democratic Party first appeared in 1828, when John Quincy Adams was running against ______________ for president.

Back 194

Andrew Jackson
Explanation:
John Quincy Adams was running as a National Republican, and Andrew Jackson was running as a Democratic Republican, which later became the Democratic Party.

Front 195

President Andrew Jackson relied on his "_______ Cabinet" instead of his appointed cabinet officials.

Back 195

Kitchen
Explanation:
President Andrew Jackson relied on his Kitchen Cabinet, which were a group of supporters he trusted and listened to.

Front 196

The Spoils system was President Andrew Jackson's belief that government offices should go to political __________

Back 196

supporters
Explanation:
Andrew Jackson believed that "common" people could fill government positions, and as a result, he had the idea that he could replace most government employees with his supporters. This was known as the spoils system.

Front 197

Andrew Jackson was the first president to use his ____ power extensively.

Back 197

veto
Explanation:
Andrew Jackson used his veto power more than any previous president. An example is the Maysville Road, which Jackson vetoed on the grounds that it required federal funds, but would only exist in one state.

Front 198

The Indian _______ Act was passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson and called for federal enforcement of the removal of all Indian tribes to the west of the Mississippi.

Back 198

Removal

Front 199

The Trail of Tears was where the US Government forced thousands of _________ to march west, many of them dying in the process.

Back 199

Cherokees
Explanation:
This forced march is known as the Trail of Tears. Under President Jackson, the Cherokees were forced to move, despite the decision upheld by the Supreme Court stating that the Cherokees were a sovereign political entity within Georgia.

Front 200

In 1830, there was a debate between Senator Hayne, and ______________. The Senator spoke of South Carolina's right to nullification.

Back 200

Daniel Webster
Explanation:
Senator Hayne spoke of the possibility of nullification, which is the idea that a state can nullify, or ignore federal laws which it considers unconstitutional.

Front 201

One of the views on how power should be divided between the states and the national government is called Dual __________, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution.

Back 201

Federalism
Explanation:
Dual federalism says that the national government has whatever powers are specifically granted in the Constitution, and all other powers belong to the states. It also tends to involve the ideas of nullification--states can nullify laws passed by Congress, and secession--states can withdraw from the Union if their right to nullification is blocked.

Front 202

One of the views on how power should be divided between the states and the national government is called Dual __________, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution.

Back 202

Federalism
Explanation:
Dual federalism says that the national government has whatever powers are specifically granted in the Constitution, and all other powers belong to the states. It also tends to involve the ideas of nullification--states can nullify laws passed by Congress, and secession--states can withdraw from the Union if their right to nullification is blocked.

Front 203

Andrew Jackson's vice president, ____________, resigned after Jackson supported the Tariff of 1832.

Back 203

John Calhoun
Explanation:
John Calhoun, who had also been John Quincy Adams' Vice President, resigned his office when Jackson supported the new tariff. He then came up with the Ordinance of Nullification, in which South Carolina ignored the tariff.

Front 204

Andrew Jackson's vice president, ____________, resigned after Jackson supported the Tariff of 1832.

Back 204

John Calhoun
Explanation:
John Calhoun, who had also been John Quincy Adams' Vice President, resigned his office when Jackson supported the new tariff. He then came up with the Ordinance of Nullification, in which South Carolina ignored the tariff.

Front 205

President Andrew Jackson caused the downfall of the Bank of the _____________.

Back 205

United States
Explanation:
President Andrew Jackson achieved this by withdrawing government deposits from the Bank, and then letting its charter expire in 1846.

Front 206

President Andrew Jackson caused the downfall of the Bank of the _____________.

Back 206

United States
Explanation:
President Andrew Jackson achieved this by withdrawing government deposits from the Bank, and then letting its charter expire in 1846.

Front 207

President Jackson's successor, ________________, recommended the establishment of the Treasury to handle government funds.

Back 207

Martin Van Buren
Explanation:
President Van Buren spent his entire term attempting to deal with the financial turmoil which resulted from the destruction of the Bank of the United States. He convinced Congress to establish an independent Treasury to handle government money.

Front 208

President Jackson's successor, ________________, recommended the establishment of the Treasury to handle government funds.

Back 208

Martin Van Buren
Explanation:
President Van Buren spent his entire term attempting to deal with the financial turmoil which resulted from the destruction of the Bank of the United States. He convinced Congress to establish an independent Treasury to handle government money.

Front 209

With the development of the steamboats, traffic on western rivers, especially the Mississippi River, _________ dramatically.

Back 209

increased
Explanation:
Steamboats were of particular value on the western rivers, where previously, traffic went downstream with the current. This new, efficient transportation resulted in new communities and economies developing along the Mississippi River.

Front 210

With the development of the steamboats, traffic on western rivers, especially the Mississippi River, _________ dramatically.

Back 210

increased
Explanation:
Steamboats were of particular value on the western rivers, where previously, traffic went downstream with the current. This new, efficient transportation resulted in new communities and economies developing along the Mississippi River.

Front 211

Canals became popular because the transportation they provided was so _____.

Back 211

cheap
Explanation:
Canals were popular because a huge barge could be towed along the canal by a single horse or mule. They were not as fast as the railroads, but they were significantly cheaper. The most famous canal, the Erie Canal, reached its peak traffic in 1880, long after railroads spanned the Northeastern United States.

Front 212

Canals became popular because the transportation they provided was so _____.

Back 212

cheap
Explanation:
Canals were popular because a huge barge could be towed along the canal by a single horse or mule. They were not as fast as the railroads, but they were significantly cheaper. The most famous canal, the Erie Canal, reached its peak traffic in 1880, long after railroads spanned the Northeastern United States.

Front 213

President ________________ served the shortest term of any president in US history.

Back 213

William Harrison
Explanation:
President William Harrison caught pneumonia and died one month after becoming president.

Front 214

President ________________ served the shortest term of any president in US history.

Back 214

William Harrison
Explanation:
President William Harrison caught pneumonia and died one month after becoming president.

Front 215

Out of the political parties, the Democrats were against a large federal government, and appealed to the small farmers and _______ class.

Back 215

working
Explanation:
The Democrats' primary supporters were small farmers and working class people.

Front 216

Out of the political parties, the Democrats were against a large federal government, and appealed to the small farmers and _______ class.

Back 216

working
Explanation:
The Democrats' primary supporters were small farmers and working class people.

Front 217

One of the views on how power should be divided between the states and the national government is called Dual __________, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution.

Back 217

Federalism
Explanation:
Dual federalism says that the national government has whatever powers are specifically granted in the Constitution, and all other powers belong to the states. It also tends to involve the ideas of nullification--states can nullify laws passed by Congress, and secession--states can withdraw from the Union if their right to nullification is blocked.

Front 218

The Whigs, which was the political party of President ________, received most of their support from big business, and wealthy plantation owners.

Back 218

Harrison
Explanation:
The Whigs were a political party who appealed to the business and industry in the Northeast, and large Southern planters. Their policies were heavy government involvement in promoting commercial and industrial growth, and a cautious approach to Western expansion.

Front 219

The Whigs, which was the political party of President ________, received most of their support from big business, and wealthy plantation owners.

Back 219

Harrison
Explanation:
The Whigs were a political party who appealed to the business and industry in the Northeast, and large Southern planters. Their policies were heavy government involvement in promoting commercial and industrial growth, and a cautious approach to Western expansion.

Front 220

Reform movements were big in the nineteenth century. These movements were mostly centered in the Northeastern portion of the country, especially ___________.

Back 220

New England
Explanation:
New England could be considered the center of many of the reform movements occurring in the nineteenth century.

Front 221

Andrew Jackson's vice president, ____________, resigned after Jackson supported the Tariff of 1832.

Back 221

John Calhoun
Explanation:
John Calhoun, who had also been John Quincy Adams' Vice President, resigned his office when Jackson supported the new tariff. He then came up with the Ordinance of Nullification, in which South Carolina ignored the tariff.

Front 222

Reform movements were big in the nineteenth century. These movements were mostly centered in the Northeastern portion of the country, especially ___________.

Back 222

New England
Explanation:
New England could be considered the center of many of the reform movements occurring in the nineteenth century.

Front 223

President Andrew Jackson caused the downfall of the Bank of the _____________.

Back 223

United States
Explanation:
President Andrew Jackson achieved this by withdrawing government deposits from the Bank, and then letting its charter expire in 1846.

Front 224

President Jackson's successor, ________________, recommended the establishment of the Treasury to handle government funds.

Back 224

Martin Van Buren
Explanation:
President Van Buren spent his entire term attempting to deal with the financial turmoil which resulted from the destruction of the Bank of the United States. He convinced Congress to establish an independent Treasury to handle government money.

Front 225

With the development of the steamboats, traffic on western rivers, especially the Mississippi River, _________ dramatically.

Back 225

increased
Explanation:
Steamboats were of particular value on the western rivers, where previously, traffic went downstream with the current. This new, efficient transportation resulted in new communities and economies developing along the Mississippi River.

Front 226

Canals became popular because the transportation they provided was so _____.

Back 226

cheap
Explanation:
Canals were popular because a huge barge could be towed along the canal by a single horse or mule. They were not as fast as the railroads, but they were significantly cheaper. The most famous canal, the Erie Canal, reached its peak traffic in 1880, long after railroads spanned the Northeastern United States.

Front 227

President ________________ served the shortest term of any president in US history.

Back 227

William Harrison
Explanation:
President William Harrison caught pneumonia and died one month after becoming president.

Front 228

Out of the political parties, the Democrats were against a large federal government, and appealed to the small farmers and _______ class.

Back 228

working
Explanation:
The Democrats' primary supporters were small farmers and working class people.

Front 229

The Whigs, which was the political party of President ________, received most of their support from big business, and wealthy plantation owners.

Back 229

Harrison
Explanation:
The Whigs were a political party who appealed to the business and industry in the Northeast, and large Southern planters. Their policies were heavy government involvement in promoting commercial and industrial growth, and a cautious approach to Western expansion.

Front 230

Reform movements were big in the nineteenth century. These movements were mostly centered in the Northeastern portion of the country, especially ___________.

Back 230

New England
Explanation:
New England could be considered the center of many of the reform movements occurring in the nineteenth century.

Front 231

The true beginning of the modern ________ movement was with the meeting in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, where the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was made.

Back 231

feminist
Explanation:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the major activists in the women's right movement, along with others, resulted in the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions. This document demanded equal rights for women. Many supporters of women's rights believed that the Declaration's push for women's suffrage would cause the movement to lose a lot of public support.

Front 232

______________________ published a newspaper called The Liberator. This paper was devoted to the abolition of slavery.

Back 232

William Lloyd Garrison
Explanation:
Garrison also greatly influenced an ex-slave, Frederick Douglass. As a young boy, Frederick received some reading lessons from his mistress and local boys, because he believed that it was the key to his freedom. As a man, Douglass regularly attended Abolitionist meetings, and in 1841, Frederick Douglass heard Garrison speak at one. He was so impressed, that Douglass later stated, "no face and form ever impressed me with such sentiments as did those of William Lloyd Garrison." Douglass would go on to become a great abolitionist orator, and a great influence on President Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Front 233

Which of the following can be used to mitigate against sniffers and decrease broadcast traffic?

Back 233

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

Front 234

One of the most influential books for the anti-slavery movement was _____________________'s Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Back 234

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Front 235

The fastest growing area of the United States in the 1800's was the ____.

Back 235

West
Explanation:
The West was growing rapidly, reaching a population of 32 million in 1860.

Front 236

Over 200,000 free blacks lived in the US by ____.

Back 236

1850
Explanation:
They usually established their own churches and organizations due to the restrictions of prejudice and "Jim Crow" laws.

Front 237

The Northeastern portion of the US produced most of the manufactured goods, and led the way in __________ growth.

Back 237

industrial
Explanation:
The Northeastern portion of the US was where most of the factories were located, and produced over two-thirds of the manufactured goods.

Front 238

In Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) the Supreme Court ruled that the ______________ Act (1793) must be enforced by Federal authorities alone. State authorities could not be forced to act.

Back 238

Fugitive Slave
Explanation:
According to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 hindering arrest or harboring a runaway slave was punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars. Local magistrates were instructed to return runaway slaves to their owner once proof of ownership had been established. Suspected runaway slaves were not authorized trial by jury or given the right to testify.

Front 239

________ destiny was the belief that eventually the United States would stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Back 239

Manifest

Front 240

Manifest Destiny was the idea that America should spread from the East Coast all the way to the West Coast, and motivated Western _________.

Back 240

expansion
Explanation:
Manifest Destiny was a spirit of superiority and American pride; it involved a belief that Americans were superior to the Native Americans occupying the land, and the need to spread American democracy and culture.

Front 241

In 1836, what was known as the ___ rule was passed in the House of Representatives, forbidding discussion of slavery in the House.

Back 241

gag
Explanation:
Due to the rising tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery, Southern representatives came up with the "gag" rule.

Front 242

Texas was originally a part of Mexico, but established itself as an independent republic after Sam Houston defeated Mexican dictator __________.

Back 242

Santa Anna
Explanation:
Texas was a part of Mexico, but eventually there were more Americans living there than Mexicans. The Texans fought for their independence and established their own republic.

Front 243

The one member of the cabinet who did not resign immediately after President _____ vetoed a number of Whig-sponsored bills was Daniel Webster.

Back 243

Tyler
Explanation:
Daniel Webster was Secretary of State, and stayed around long enough to finish his Webster-Ashburton Treaty with England. He also resigned after negotiating the treaty.

Front 244

The first serious impeachment attempt on a President was made while President _____ was in office.

Back 244

Tyler
Explanation:
John Tyler, who became President after William Harrison died, was in opposition to all of the Whig Party's major ideas, vetoing many Whig-sponsored bills. He was expelled from the Whig Party and the Whigs tried to impeach him.

Front 245

President __________ managed to get Texas admitted into the Union just before he left office

Back 245

John Tyler
Explanation:
Texas had gained independence from Mexico in 1836, but the United States refused to make it a state because of the issue of slavery. President Tyler finally got Texas admitted in 1845.

Front 246

Before 1846, Oregon was shared by _______ and the United States. Americans wanted all of this state, and President Polk's stance on this issue helped win him the presidency.

Back 246

Britain
Explanation:
President Polk endorsed the Oregon Treaty which extended the US boundary to the Pacific Ocean and established a portion of Oregon as belonging to the United States.

Front 247

Under the leadership of Brigham Young, the Mormons left Illinois and settled in Utah, which was then a part of ______.

Back 247

Mexico
Explanation:
Brigham Young led the Mormons from Illinois after Joseph Smith was killed. He then established the Mormon Republic of Deseret.

Front 248

One of the major causes of the _______ War was the dispute over the southern boundary of Texas.

Back 248

Mexican
Explanation:
The US claimed the Rio Grande River as the southern boundary of Texas, while Mexico claimed it was 130 miles north of the Rio Grande. The fact that the US had admitted Texas into the Union also angered Mexico.

Front 249

As a result of the _______ War, the dream of Manifest Destiny was fulfilled--the United States gained ports on the Pacific Coast.

Back 249

Mexican
Explanation:
As a result of the Mexican War, the U.S. controlled all three of the major west-coast natural harbors. Texas had already been annexed by the United States before the Mexican War ever occurred, but the U.S. gained all of the land stretching from New Mexico to California through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Front 250

Under President Polk, the United States declared war on ______.

Back 250

Mexico
Explanation:
President Polk asked Congress to declare war on Mexico after a conflict between Mexican and American troops in Texas.

Front 251

General Zachary Taylor led the _______ force of American soldiers into Mexico during the Mexican War.

Back 251

largest
Explanation:
General Zachary Taylor led an army into Mexico, winning several major battles against much larger Mexican forces.

Front 252

The treaty of _________-Hidalgo ended the Mexican War.

Back 252

Guadalupe
Explanation:
The Mexican War was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. This resulted in Mexico giving the "Mexican Cession" to the US, which included what is now the Southwestern US.

Front 253

General ______________ landed on Mexico's east coast, and captured Mexico City.

Back 253

Winfield Scott
Explanation:
General Winfield Scott was ordered by President Polk to take Mexico City in an attempt to force Mexico to negotiate a treaty.

Front 254

The election of 1840 is often remembered by historians as the first modern presidential campaign, focusing more on images and _______ than on actual issues.

Back 254

slogans
Explanation:
The winner of the election was General William Harrison, a hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) and the first elected member of the Whig Party. During the campaign, Harrison (who had no political experience) was ridiculed by the Democrats as an "Old Granny" who would enjoy nothing more than sipping cider and spending his old age in a log cabin. The sarcasm backfired and the Whigs presented Harrison as a rugged frontiersman and defender of all those living in log cabins while accusing the Democrat candidate (Van Buren) of being an aristocrat. The Whig's political slogan that year was "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."

Front 255

The discovery of gold in __________ resulted in a drastic rise in population for that territory, and in 1849, they asked to be admitted as a state.

Back 255

California
Explanation:
Gold was discovered in California at Sutter's Mill, and within a year the population had multiplied. At this time, admitting a new state was a big deal because it could upset the balance between free states and slave states.

Front 256

The Compromise of 1850 was proposed by __________ in an attempt to resolve matters between the North and South relating to slavery.

Back 256

Henry Clay
Explanation:
Henry Clay, who had originally engineered the Missouri Compromise came up with the Compromise of 1850. This was shortly after Southerners held a convention in 1850 discussing ways to protect their interests.

Front 257

The Compromise of ____ was finally adopted when President Taylor, who strongly opposed it, died in office.

Back 257

1850
Explanation:
President Taylor died on July 9, 1850. His successor, Millard Fillmore, supported the Compromise.

Front 258

The main reason that it took so long to admit new states such as Texas and California was the issue of _______.

Back 258

slavery
Explanation:
The main issue when admitting a state was deciding whether slavery would or would not be allowed in that state. A new slave state meant more pro-slave senators and representatives, upsetting the balance.

Front 259

The _______ Purchase occurred during President Pierce's term, and added a strip of land under the Mexican Cession.

Back 259

Gadsden
Explanation:
The Gadsden Purchase was purchased to provide a route for a transcontinental railroad to span the lower United States.

Front 260

The economy in the South was heavily dependent on their ______ of cotton.

Back 260

export
Explanation:
By 1860, cotton represented nearly two thirds of all American exports, and was the cash crop of the South. President Lincoln exploited this weakness during the Civil War by blockading the Southern coast to prevent them from making money from cotton exports.

Front 261

Under President _______________, Commodore Perry went to Japan and opened up relations between the US and Japan.

Back 261

Franklin Pierce

Front 262

The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to smooth relations between the North and South, but the ________ Slave Law, which was part of the Compromise, angered Northerners.

Back 262

Fugitive
Explanation:
The Fugitive Slave Law, which was strengthened under the Compromise of 1850, was designed to return blacks in the north who had run away from the south as slaves.

Front 263

Laws passed in Northern states to protect runaway slaves within their borders were called ________ Liberty Laws.

Back 263

Personal
Explanation:
These laws were passed as a form of protest against Federal laws which supported the capture of runaway slaves in the free states. By 1856 the only free states which approved the extradition of runaway slaves were California and New Jersey.

Front 264

The Book Uncle Tom's Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, turned many Northerners against _______.

Back 264

slavery
Explanation:
Uncle Tom's Cabin was a fictional book which described the life of a slave, and while many Northerners disapproved of slavery, this made them actively opp

Front 265

______________________ was a famous abolitionist in the North who relied on what he called "moral suasion," the assumption that planters would voluntarily free their slaves once they became aware of the evil they were doing.

Back 265

William Lloyd Garrison
Explanation:
Garrison believed in what he called "moral suasion." He thought that he could convince planters that slavery was evil and that they would release their slaves voluntarily. Until he died in 1879, he was a driving force in the abolition movement. However, by 1840 the movement had split and the focus switched from moral suasion to using political means to prohibit slavery by law.

Front 266

The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the ________ Compromise.

Back 266

Missouri
Explanation:
The Kansas-Nebraska Act, introduced by Senator Douglas, created the Kansas and Nebraska territories. It also repealed the Missouri Compromise, which would have forbidden slavery in those territories.

Front 267

The ______ Act resulted in much bloodshed between people who were proslavery and those who were abolitionists.

Back 267

Kansas
Explanation:
The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in what was known as "Bleeding Kansas," practically a small-scale Civil War in which over 200 people were killed. This Act repealed the Missouri Compromise that had prohibited slavery north of the line between Missouri and the Rocky Mountains, and it divided Nebraska into the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

Front 268

"Bleeding ______" referred to the months of violence that occurred after the Kansas-Nebraska Act as pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups clashed.

Back 268

Kansas
Explanation:
Bleeding Kansas was how the press referred to the violence which occurred in Kansas. At least 200 people died as guerilla warfare erupted in the territory.

Front 269

The Republican Party became the opposing party of the Democrats after the disintegration of the ____ Party.

Back 269

Whig
Explanation:
The Republican Party was established in 1854. This party was different from the initial Republican Party which had opposed the Federalists in the early United States.

Front 270

In the __________ vs Sanford case, the Supreme Court ruled in support of slavery.

Back 270

Dred Scott
Explanation:
In the Dred Scott vs Sanford case, Chief Justice Taney ruled that a slave had no right to sue in court, and that Congress had no power to control slavery in the new territories.

Front 271

The Compromise of ____ enacted a new and tougher fugitive slave act, making it easier for southerners to recover slaves who had run away to the North.

Back 271

1850
Explanation:
The Compromise of 1850 included a new and tougher fugitive slave act. This part of the Compromise made slavery a national problem, instead of only the South's problem, because suddenly blacks everywhere, including free blacks in the North, were in danger of being hauled into slavery.

Front 272

The _________ Constitution was a state constitution for Kansas which allowed slavery and was almost passed simply to appease the South.

Back 272

Lecompton
Explanation:
The Lecompton Constitution was drafted by a convention in Kansas through unfair means, not at all representing the desires of the majority of the territory. Once Kansas voters were allowed to choose, they voted against the Lecompton Constitution.

Front 273

__________ attempted to arm slaves in Virginia and incite an uprising in the South. He raided a federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, but was caught and hanged.

Back 273

John Brown
Explanation:
A man named John Brown led a group of men in an attempt to steal weapons and arm slaves. He was hanged as a criminal, but many Northerners saw him as a martyr.

Front 274

The _______ growing season in the North meant that slavery was not economically feasible.

Back 274

shorter
Explanation:
Prior to the 1800's, slavery was legal in the Northern states, but soon became obsolete. It was not economically feasible in the North because much of the farming done in the North involved subsistence farming, and there was a high overhead associated with owning slaves--slaveholders had to house, feed and clothe their slaves.

Front 275

John Brown took over the Harper's Ferry arsenal in ____ in an attempt to lead a slave uprising.

Back 275

1859
Explanation:
Brown encouraged slaves to murder their owners and claim their freedom. Though captured by Robert E. Lee before his plan went very far, he had many open supporters, including Henry David Thoreau.

Front 276

A group of Northern abolitionists who actively supported John Brown's plans for the raid on Harper's Ferry were known as "the __________."

Back 276

Secret Six

Front 277

By repealing the Missouri Compromise, the ______-Nebraska Act heated up the slave controversy, ultimately leading to bloodshed.

Back 277

Kansas
Explanation:
The Kansas-Nebraska Act divided Nebraska into the Kansas and Nebraska Territories, and repealed the part of the Missouri Compromise which prohibited slavery north of the 36-30 line. This meant that the southerners would be able to take their slaves into the new territories, and spurred violence and controversy.

Front 278

An author named Hinton Rowan Helper wrote a book named "The _________ Crisis in the South," arguing why slavery was not beneficial to the Southern small farmer.

Back 278

Impending
Explanation:
This book, called the Impending Crisis in the South, alarmed Southern slaveholders. Slaveholders were actually a minority in the South, most Southerners being small farmers who couldn't afford any slaves.

Front 279

Seven Southern states seceded shortly after President _______ was elected.

Back 279

Lincoln
Explanation:
President Lincoln, a Republican who had been chosen primarily by the anti-slavery North, was elected in 1860. Seven states--S Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas withdrew from the Union.

Front 280

The President of the ___________ was Jefferson Davis.

Back 280

Confederacy
Explanation:
Jefferson Davis, once Secretary of War, was elected President of the Confederate States of America.

Front 281

Severely wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines, General Johnston was replaced by Jefferson Davis's military adviser, _____________ on June 1, 1862.

Back 281

Robert E. Lee
Explanation:
Lee took command of the renamed Army of Northern Virginia on June 1, and he immediately began planning an offensive. Lee believed that because of McClellan's superior numbers, any long siege of Richmond would likely lead to a Union victory. Thus, he believed that his forces must strike McClellan's army before the big Union guns were brought to bear on Richmond.

Front 282

Fort Sumter fell in April, 1861, marking the _________ of the Civil War.

Back 282

beginning
Explanation:
Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, was attacked by Confederate soldiers and surrendered.

Front 283

After the loss of Fort ______, Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to fight the South. At this point, four more states seceded joining the original seven.

Back 283

Sumter
Explanation:
Four more states seceded in response to this--Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. The four remaining slave states--Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri--stayed in the Union.

Front 284

_____ broke out in many Northern cities in response to unfair draft practices set forth by the Enrollment Act of 1863

Back 284

Riots
Explanation:
Unfair draft practices resulted in riots, the most violent one breaking out in New York City. Men could avoid the draft by paying $300, or by hiring a substitute, resulting in the accusation that this was a rich man's war and a poor man's fight.

Front 285

At the beginning of the Civil War, the ___________ had the advantage in terms of good generals for their army.

Back 285

Confederacy
Explanation:
The Confederacy had many skilled senior officers, while the North started out with mainly inferior officers.

Front 286

In the Civil War, the Union had the advantage in terms of _________ and manpower.

Back 286

resources
Explanation:
The Union had a three-to-one advantage in manpower, had highly developed industry, and a system of railroads.

Front 287

Two major parts of _______'s strategy was to take the Mississippi River and to blockade the Southern coast with the Navy

Back 287

Lincoln
Explanation:
Lincoln decided that he wanted to take the Mississippi River to divide the South, and to blockade the Southern coast to block supplies from Europe. These ideas were suggested by Winfield Scott, a hero of the Mexican War.

Front 288

The _____ battle of the Civil War, which occurred shortly after the fall of Fort Sumter, was the Battle of Bull Run.

Back 288

first
Explanation:
The Battle of Bull Run resulted in an unorganized retreat by the Union soldiers. One of the more famous men under Union General McDowell was George A. Custer, a soldier who would become the youngest general in the Union Army. After the civil war, he became well known for fighting against the Native Americans. Custer and all of the men under him died in the Battle of Little Big Horn against Sitting Bull and his Sioux and Cheyenne Warriors. Crazy Horse, an Oglala Sioux chief was just one of the men that fought under Sitting Bull that day.

Front 289

General McDowell's failure at the Battle of Bull Run resulted in Lincoln's replacing him with General _________.

Back 289

McClellan
Explanation:
Lincoln replaced General McDowell with General McClellan. McClellan spent nine months training the soldiers, and then advanced on Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy.

Front 290

After failing to capture Richmond, General _________ retreated to Washington DC. Robert E Lee, in an effort to capture D.C., advanced north and fought McClellan at the Battle of Antietam.

Back 290

McClellan
Explanation:
The Battle of Antietam was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, and although Lee retreated to Virginia, both sides lost many men.

Front 291

The ___________ thought that the North's blockade would result in England and France coming to support the South in its war effort.

Back 291

Confederacy
Explanation:
The North was blockading the coast of the South, preventing trade with Europe. The South believed that England and France, desperate for trade, would intervene.

Front 292

The Homestead Act, passed during the Civil War, gave land out in the West to settlers who farmed it for ____ years.

Back 292

five
Explanation:
The Homestead Act resulted in large numbers of families moving to the west to create farms.

Front 293

During the Civil War, riots broke out in New York City in opposition to the draft which had been imposed by _______.

Back 293

Lincoln
Explanation:
In the Conscription Act of 1863, males between 20 and 45 were eligible to be drafted into the military. Draftees could pay $300 to avoid being drafted, which angered many people who could not afford the price.

Front 294

After the Battle of Antietam, which was counted as a Northern victory, Lincoln issued the ____________ Proclamation, which freed all slaves in the Confederacy.

Back 294

Emancipation
Explanation:
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which could not be enforced, but established the Civil War as being a fight against slavery

Front 295

Under pressure from abolitionists and Radical Republicans, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. It did not actually free the slaves, but it made the war a crusade against _______. As a result, Great Britain, which was against slavery, lost any sympathy it had for the South.

Back 295

slavery
Explanation:
Abolitionists and Radical Republicans pressured President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that slaves in the Confederacy were free.

Front 296

After going through numerous generals, Lincoln finally put General ________________ in charge of all of the Union Armies, who eventually led the Union to victory.

Back 296

Ulysses S. Grant
Explanation:
General Grant gained recognition for his role in the West with a string of victories and taking control of the Mississippi. Between Grant and General Sherman, the Union armies carved up the South and pushed General Lee to surrender.

Front 297

President Lincoln was assassinated shortly after General Lee's surrender by _________________.

Back 297

John Wilkes Booth
Explanation:
An actor named John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln in the back of the head.

Front 298

To help former slaves adjust to life away from the Southern ___________, Congress formed the Freedman's Bureau, which helped former slaves with food, clothes, and education.

Back 298

plantations
Explanation:
The Freedman's Bureau was established in 1865.

Front 299

Lincoln's policy for how Confederate states were to establish new state governments was called the ___________ Plan.

Back 299

Ten Percent
Explanation:
Lincoln came up with the Ten Percent Plan, which said that once ten percent of the voters in a state swore an oath of loyalty to the Union, a state government could be formed.

Front 300

After the Civil War, Southern plantation owners were in danger of losing all their black laborers. Many southern states passed _____ codes, which limited the ability of the former slaves to find work and to leave the plantations.

Back 300

Black
Explanation:
Black Codes severely limited the freedoms of Blacks in the South. One of the main reasons for passing the Codes was to keep Blacks working on the same plantations they had worked as slaves.

Front 301

Congress was dominated by _______ Republicans, who wanted stiff punishment for the Confederate States after the Civil War.

Back 301

Radical
Explanation:
The Radical Republicans thought that Lincoln's plans for the South were too lenient.

Front 302

The Radical Republicans tried to pass the Wade-Davis Bill, which would make it nearly impossible for the Confederate states to have ___________.

Back 302

governments
Explanation:
The Wade-Davis Bill was vetoed by President Lincoln.

Front 303

Seward's _____ was what critics called Secretary of State Seward's efforts which resulted in the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

Back 303

Folly
Explanation:
This was known as Seward's Folly and happened in 1867, two years after the Civil War.

Front 304

Under President Johnson, the US enforced the Monroe Doctrine by opposing France's attempt to take over ______.

Back 304

Mexico
Explanation:
France, under Napoleon III, sent troops and installed a new emperor in Mexico. The US pressured France to leave Mexico, thus enforcing the Monroe Doctrine.

Front 305

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolished _______.

Back 305

slavery
Explanation:
The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, and was passed under President Andrew Johnson's term.

Front 306

The Military ______________ Act was where the South was divided into five districts ruled by military governors.

Back 306

Reconstruction

Front 307

Blacks were given the right to vote in the _________ Amendment.

Back 307

Fifteenth

Front 308

The ____ Amendment gave women the right to vote.

Back 308

19th
Explanation:
The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920. Women worked for many years in what is known as the women's suffrage movement before they were extended the right to vote. Leaders of this movement included Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Front 309

Sharecropping was a system where farm workers gave their labor to the landowner, and developed as a replacement for _____ labor after the Civil War.

Back 309

slave
Explanation:
Sharecropping developed as a replacement for slave labor after the Civil War. The plantation owners needed laborers to replace the slaves, and for many ex-slaves, it gave them some freedom to work independently.

Front 310

The first large factories were in the _______ industry during the Industrial Revolution.

Back 310

textile
Explanation:
England led the Industrial Revolution, specifically with its factories in the textile industry. Samuel Slater memorized the plans for one of the English machines and reproduced one in Rhode Island; before long, textile mills spread across New England. Textiles were the first large scale factory-produced product in the United States.

Front 311

The Church of England was also known as the ________ Church.

Back 311

Anglican

Front 312

__________ developed a national plan called the American System which involved domestic improvements using federal funds, a protective tariff, and a national bank.

Back 312

Henry Clay
Explanation:
A protective tariff, means high taxes on foreign goods imported to the United States.

Front 313

President ______________ was known for his strong desire to move the Indians off of US land, and supported the forced removal of the Cherokees out of Georgia.

Back 313

Andrew Jackson
Explanation:
President Andrew Jackson allowed the Cherokees to be forcefully removed from Georgia in what became the Trail of Tears, despite a ruling by the Supreme Court which stated that the Cherokee Nation was a sovereign political entity.

Front 314

The Supreme Court established that the ________ Nation was a sovereign political entity within Georgia.

Back 314

Cherokee
Explanation:
The Supreme Court ruled in Worcester vs Georgia that the Cherokee Nation was a sovereign political entity; nonetheless, the Cherokees were forcefully removed in what was known as the Trail of Tears.

Front 315

Soon after President Andrew Jackson passed the Specie Circular, the United States suffered an economic ________.

Back 315

downturn
Explanation:
Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular, requiring gold or silver as payment for federal land--soon after he did this, there was a depression.

Front 316

Most of the Indians in the United States died not because of warfare, but through ________ carried by settlers from Europe.

Back 316

diseases
Explanation:
Europeans brought diseases which the Indians had no defense against, often unknowingly. This wiped out more Native Americans than anything else the Europeans did.

Front 317

The Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indians were known as the Five Civilized Native American ______.

Back 317

Tribes

Front 318

The Five Nations was the ________ confederacy formed by the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes.

Back 318

Iroquois

Front 319

The main reason the Secretary of State purchased ______ was to foster good relations with Russia.

Back 319

Alaska
Explanation:
No one at that time knew that Alaska was an abundant source of natural resources.

Front 320

The bloodiest, and probably the most famous _____ insurrection was led by Nat Turner.

Back 320

slave
Explanation:
Nat Turner led a revolt--he and about twenty of his followers were caught and executed.

Front 321

Many leaders of the women's rights movement took a leading role in the ___________ movement.

Back 321

Antislavery
Explanation:
Many leaders of the Women's Rights Movement started taking part in the abolition, or antislavery movement. This was because recognition of their own plight gave them sympathy for the plight of Black slaves.

Front 322

New Harmony, Nashoba, Oneida, and Amana are all names of _______ communities.

Back 322

Utopian
Explanation:
These were utopian communities--they believed that people and society could be perfected, and a perfect community could be created.

Front 323

In the early 1800's, many immigrants from Ireland and Germany came to the United States, many of them ________.

Back 323

Catholic

Front 324

Between 1815 and 1837, population growth was due more to immigration than native _____.

Back 324

birth
Explanation:
After the conflicts between France and England, many immigrants, especially from Ireland and Germany, came to the United States. Immigration resulted in most of the population growth of that time period.

Front 325

The primary reason for purchasing Alaska was to strengthen ties with ______.

Back 325

Russia
Explanation:
The United States wanted to "reward" Russia for their friendly stance during the Civil War.

Front 326

Explanation
The United States wanted to "reward" Russia for their The government helped finance the construction of _________ in the United States through the sale of bonds.

Back 326

railroads
Explanation:
The government helped finance the construction of railroads by selling federal bonds. Initially, railroads were funded by private investors, but the federal government later helped fund them, as well as provide land grants.

Front 327

The Spanish authorities closed ___________ to American traffic, which many Americans depended on to move their agricultural products. This resulted in the Louisiana Purchase.

Back 327

New Orleans
Explanation:
President Jefferson sent a delegation to France to try to buy New Orleans from Napoleon; what resulted was the Louisiana Purchase, in which the US got much more that just New Orleans.

Front 328

The Election of ____ was significant because political parties exchanged control of the Presidency without violence.

Back 328

1800
Explanation:
In the Election of 1800, the Republicans defeated the Federalists and removed Federalist John Adams from office. In Europe, exchange of power was typically associated with much bloodshed.

Front 329

During the Revolutionary War, Americans hoped for European help, because they knew that France wanted to weaken _____________'s power.

Back 329

Great Britain
Explanation:
Americans knew that France would jump at an opportunity to weaken England. The French were not sympathetic to the American cause of freedom.

Front 330

_____________ is a philosophical doctrine holding that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the public good--i.e. the state or a social group's interests.

Back 330

Individualism

Front 331

At the beginning of the Civil War, the _____ had the major advantage of experienced military leadership.

Back 331

South
Explanation:
The South had the experienced military leadership. The north had superior population, resources, and railroad transportation.

Front 332

During the Civil War, the South thought the British needed their ______ exports, and would come to their aid.

Back 332

cotton
Explanation:
The South thought that the British needed Southern cotton so bad that they would help them in the Civil War. The North was blockading the Southern coast to keep them from making money from exports.

Front 333

The Emancipation Proclamation did not physically free the slaves in the South, but it did turn the _______ against the South.

Back 333

British
Explanation:
The Emancipation Proclamation turned the British against the South. At the time, there was an antislavery movement in Britain, and the Proclamation turned the Civil War into a war against slavery.

Front 334

________________ opposed Alexander Hamilton's idea of a national bank because he believed that the Federal government should not have control over the nation's economy.

Back 334

Thomas Jefferson
Explanation:
Thomas Jefferson strictly opposed the national bank, believing in keeping federal power to a minimum.

Front 335

The United States bought the _______ Purchase from Mexico to allow a transcontinental railroad.

Back 335

Gadsden
Explanation:
The US purchased the Gadsden Purchase for that purpose--to create a railroad which spanned the United States.

Front 336

The Articles of _____________ did not allow the federal government to collect taxes.

Back 336

Confederation
Explanation:
The Articles of Confederation did not allow the government to levy taxes. This was because the Americans hated the taxes that England had abused them with.

Front 337

Shay's Rebellion occurred because the _____________ state government refused to provide tax relief.

Back 337

Massachusetts
Explanation:
After the American Revolution farmers throughout Massachusetts (and elsewhere in the newly created United States) were deep in debt and the country experienced a period of high inflation. The Massachusetts Assembly raised taxes in 1786, ignoring these economic realities and this resulted in a farmers rebellion led by Daniel Shays. Farmers took up arms, freed prisoners from debtor's prisons and began to spread the rebellion to other New England states. Shays' rebellion ended after a private army paid for by the Governor of Massachusetts intervened and taxes were reduced.

Front 338

The idea of ________ Destiny showed that Americans wanted to expand the United States, and spread their way of thinking and living.

Back 338

Manifest
Explanation:
The idea of Manifest Destiny, which said that the US would span from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, showed that Americans wanted to expand.

Front 339

Marbury v. Madison was a pivotal case in which the Supreme Court declared an act of ________ unconstitutional.

Back 339

Congress
Explanation:
Marbury vs Madison was significant because the Supreme Court established its power over Congress by declaring an act unconstitutional.

Front 340

In the 1820s and 1830s, a new notion of the time was that people were shaped by their surroundings. As a result, reformers pushed for social deviants and insane people to be isolated in ____________ and reformed.

Back 340

institutions
Explanation:
A change in the way that social deviants were dealt with was the creation of institutions, whether it be prisons for convicts, or asylums for the insane. This was a new notion--to isolate these people in institutions and attempt to rehabilitate them.

Front 341

The Auburn system of prison design, known also as the __________ system, became the basis for most prisons to be constructed in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Back 341

congregate
Explanation:
The Auburn style prison is based upon a design of inside cells divided into cell blocks. Unlike the Pennsylvania system, the cells were intended only for sleeping and inmates would congregate for work, mess, and exercise activities.

Front 342

During Supreme Court Justice John Marshall's term, he ruled many times in ways which strengthened the _______ government.

Back 342

Federal
Explanation:
Marshall often ruled in favor of the federal government over the rights of states.

Front 343

_____________ built the first successful cotton-spinning mill in the United States.

Back 343

Samuel Slater
Explanation:
Slater did this with machine plans he memorized in England.

Front 344

___________ was excellent for textile mills because it had running water, plenty of investment capital, and cheap labor.

Back 344

New England
Explanation:
New England however, did not have the natural resources, such as cotton, nearby.

Front 345

Lincoln's famous phrase "a house divided against itself cannot stand" was in reference to the country's division over the issue of _______.

Back 345

slavery
Explanation:
His phrase referenced the division over slavery. Lincoln was saying that a consensus needed to be reached on this issue.

Front 346

The Dred Scott Case ruled on the constitutionality of the ________ Compromise, that slaves could not sue, and that Congress could not regulate slavery in territories.

Back 346

Missouri
Explanation:
The Dred Scott case included those three decisions. It also said that living in a free state did not make a slave free.

Front 347

The Republicans in the Election of 1860 felt that slavery should be _________--only the states which currently allowed it could keep it, and no new states should allow slavery.

Back 347

contained
Explanation:
The Republicans wanted to halt the spread of slavery; they did not intend to interfere with slavery where it already existed. Abraham Lincoln was their candidate.

Front 348

_______________ are known for their exploration of the Midwest and Far West.

Back 348

Lewis and Clark
Explanation:
Lewis and Clark explored the Midwest and Far West, starting on the Missouri River out of St. Louis.

Front 349

Virginia's main crop was _______.

Back 349

Tobacco
Explanation:
Virginia was a huge producer of tobacco. Cotton was produced in southern states such as South Carolina and Georgia.

Front 350

In some special cases, the ____ paid the colonial Governor directly, which angered the colonists.

Back 350

King
Explanation:
By paying the colonial governor of a royal colony directly, instead of letting the colonists pay him, the king undermined the colonists' power over the governor.

Front 351

After the Civil War, sharecropping developed as a replacement for _____ labor.

Back 351

slave
Explanation:
Sharecropping replaced slave labor. Blacks often ended up working for their former masters, working a plot of land in return for a portion of the crops.

Front 352

The _____ Codes were laws passed in the South by White southerners who wanted to restrict ex-slaves, ensuring that they still worked as their laborers.

Back 352

Black
Explanation:
The Black Codes were passed in 1865, severely restricting black freedom. In 1866, the Black Codes were suspended by the Federal Government.

Front 353

As a result of the _______ War, the US gained California ports on the west coast.

Back 353

Mexican
Explanation:
At the end of the Mexican War, Mexico gave up the Southwest, from New Mexico to California. The United States had already taken in Texas as a state before the Mexican War.

Front 354

The Wilmot Proviso, signed by the House of Representatives during the _______ War, attempted to ban slavery in any new territories that would be gained from the war.

Back 354

Mexican
Explanation:
This bill never passed through the senate due to a lack of Southern support. Southerners felt like they were being treated unfairly by this attempt to ban slavery in the future southwest territories, which would have made them a minority in the Senate. This matter was unresolved until the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which relied on popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue in each new state.

Front 355

President Jackson vetoed Congress's attempt to recharter the Bank of the United States. He had several reasons he stated for doing this, but he did not believe that the bank was ________________.

Back 355

unconstitutional
Explanation:
President Jackson did not say the bank was unconstitutional. His reasons included foreign influence in the bank and the fact that the bank was tied to the wealthy.

Front 356

The Whig political party was cautious about _______ expansion of the United States.

Back 356

western

Front 357

Many Protestant denominations ended up splitting up into northern and southern denominations over the issue of _______.

Back 357

slavery
Explanation:
Many Protestant denominations, including Presbyterian, Baptists, and Methodists, ended up splitting into a northern and a southern denomination over the issue of whether slavery was allowed by the Bible.

Front 358

Henry Clay was a well known member of the ____ political party.

Back 358

Whig
Explanation:
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster were two famous members of the Whig party.

Front 359

________________ and James Madison were members of the Republican party.

Back 359

Thomas Jefferson
Explanation:
They were members of the Republican party, and opposed the Federalist party. Republicans believed in a small central government which did not have any more power than was absolutely necessary. Republicans wanted minimum government intervention and opposed a national bank.

Front 360

Alexander Hamilton was a member of the __________ political party.

Back 360

Federalist
Explanation:
Hamilton believed in a strong federal government with broad powers. One of his biggest ideas was the establishment of a Bank of the United States.

Front 361

The ______ Act is the most important labor law enacted in the United States, designed to eliminate employer's interference with the organization of workers into unions.

Back 361

Wagner
Explanation:
The Wagner Act officially the National Labor Relations Act, establishes the right for employees to form unions, requires employers to bargain with such unions fairly, and prohibits unfair labor practices such as firing employees for joining unions.

Front 362

Major legislative acts passed under President __________________ include the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Social Security Act, and the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act).

Back 362

Franklin Roosevelt
Explanation:
The Wagner Act requires employers to engage in collective bargaining with a National Labor Relations Board __________ union.