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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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emergency banking act, 1933
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government inspection of all banks
those in bad shape that could not be saved would be liquidated (their assets would be collected and sold) those that could be saved would get government loans |
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Banking Reform, FDIC (Federal Deposit Insureance Corporation, 1933
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set up a govt corporation that ensured deposits in all federal banks & most state banks
money to pay for the insurance came from fees charged by the bank nice confidence booster preserved capitalist banking system |
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Truth-In Securities Act, 1933
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required companies to make full disclosure of their financial condition
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*******Securities Exchange Act, 1934 (SEC) *******
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created securities exchange commisions
brought federal regulation of buying and selling of stocks and bonds does not change private ownership Joseph Kennedy = 1st owner intention: make everything more secure |
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Federal Emergency Relief Act, 1933 (DOLE)
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dole out something to someone=line up people and give them stuff like food, clothes, money
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Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933
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relief for young men of draft age (18-25) but not a real draft
they left home and lived in camps where they were provided room, board, uniforms, etc. worked on conservation projects (flood control, replanting burnt forests)and got paid gave relief but also forced people to do stuff |
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Public Works Administration, 1933
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gave relief through major construction projects (hospitals, schools, bridges)
used federal money. hired people. better than handing things out for free |
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Civil Works Administration, 1934 (Work Relief)
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Make up something for people to do so you can pay them for doing it.
didn't last long because it got a lot of criticism |
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First Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933
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paid benefits to farmers who agreed to limit production (which will increase prices) through acreage limitations and marketing quotas
funding came from taxes on processors of farm products such as millers and meatpackers made agriculture into subsidized part of the economy (governmental support) didn't make things better but stopped from being worse |
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National Industrial Recovery Act
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draw up a code of competition for each industry to limit production, stop unfair competition, and stabilize prices
called for minimum wages and maximum hours in order to stimulate investment didn't work ultimately because it was operating on the wrong idea |
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Home Owners Loan Act
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created a home owners loan corporation, which refinanced urban mortgages
HOLC will pay off your mortgage company w/ govt bonds. then HOLC owns your mortgage. then it will try to come up with a plan suitable for you to keep you in your home lasted until after WWII. one of the most successful New Deal programs |
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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tried to save more than a whole region of the country
Tennessee valley was one of the most poverty-stricken, flood-ruined areas of the US TVA was paid by govt money to build dams on Tennessee to bring flood control and produce electrical power. produced lots of controversy because public enterprise was competing with private enterprise |
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American Liberty League
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thought New Deal was doing too much in the way of relief and involving itself in private industry
was very conservative considered New Deal a threat to liberty |
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Francis Townsend
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thought it wasnot doing anything for old people
came up with a plan where govt paid every person 62+ $200 a month... plan didnt pass he wanted govt to do more for old people |
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Huey Long
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US senator in early 1930s
argued the govt should give household $5000 and a minimum yearly wage of $25,000 confiscation and redistribution (share the wealth) |
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Works Progress Administration
part of second new deal |
brought back work relief (finding things for people to do so they can be paid for it)
brought back on a lasting basis ex: sidewalks, the riverwalk in San Antonio, |
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national youth administration
part of second new deal |
tried to find things for studfents to do to keep them in school
ex: tutoring jobs and lab jobs |
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Lyndon Johnson
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TX administrator of the NYA
integrated NYA, not segregated like everyone else did |
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*****Social Security Act*****
part of second new deal |
most important welfare mesaure in the history of the US
arranged to take care of people over age of 60 created transfer of payments syste; working people pay into the system and get it later when they're not working |
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******National Labor Relations Act*****
part of second new deal |
single most pro-labor union measure ever passed in the US
put authority of US govt behind workers being able to organize a union peacefully created the national Labor Relations Board, which supervised elections at companies preventles blacklisting, etc benefited labor unions more than anything the US had ever done before |
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Rural Electrification Administration
part of second new deal |
allowed people in rural areas to set up coops then go to govt and let a low interest loan and then build electrical power distribution systems into areas where electrical power distribution didnt exist
allowed people who didnt have electricity to get it. |
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Revenue Act
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bad for people with high income
($5 mill income = 75% tax) |
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Alfred Landon
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FDR's Republican opponent in the election of 1936.
He said he would do things better than FDR was doing it. FDR won absolutely overwhelmingly. |
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Four Horsemen
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4 conservative members of the US Supreme Court who absolutely opposed the New Deal.
because of them, people who opposed the New Deal in the Supreme Court won majority vote and the National Industrial REcovery Act and the Agricultural Adjustment Act were both declared unconstitutional. |
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Judiciary Reorganization Bill
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legislation proposed by FDR
for every justive on the Supreme Court who was 70 and not retired, the President could appoint an additional judge, up to a total of 6 additional judges basically it was asking to increase the membership of the Supreme Court from 9 to 15. the bill did not pass, but because of it and the threat it imposed, the 9 judges on the Supreme Court began to find the New Deal Acts constitutional |
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Recession of 1937
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any progress that the US was making towards recovery was cut and all healthy economic activity was wiped out.
there was a recession within the depression |
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2nd Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1938
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limited production and paid farmers who would limit production.
this one was constitutional |
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Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938
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tried to set up a decent standard of living for workers
MAIN OBJECTIVE: to eliminate detrimental labor conditions to make promote the health, efficiency, and well-being of workers. established maximum working hours and minimum wages prohibited child labor (set minimum age for working) |
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Summary of the New Deal
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did not have a set blueprint; it was experimental and tried all sorts of things
had broad purposes, including getting the country through the Great Depression tried to preserve representative democracy and capitalism, individual dignity, and economic security tried to bring relief for the poor, recovery (industrial), and reform for agriculture |
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Immediate Results of the New Deal
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Southern Democrats got incresingly unhappy b/c of race relations (remember, Johnson did not segregate)
N. Repubs & S. Dems formed a coalition to be against the New Deal |
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Long Range Results of the New Deal
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economy: preserved private enterprise, private property, and profit-oriented capitalism. more regulation to ensure it wouldnt break down again
society: made the US more of a welfare state than before. key welfare state measure was Social Security. recognized that the govt had some responsibility for everybodys well being political: increases power of national govt. President became more powerful. Democrats were appreciated by the people. |
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Arguments against the New Deal
(Critiques against the New Deal) |
Conservative: made the govt too big, too expensive, too much interference with private enterprise, too much welfare
Radical: system collapsed completely and people suffered immensely. govt had the chance to do more but it did Liberal (Progressive): FDR never really properly explained what he was doing or why he was doing it. Liberals just had diff. ideas on how to preserve it. |
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Manchuria, 1931
& US Reaction to it |
Japan wanted to be great power of Far East but had population (too much) and resources (too little) problems
to expand, first they took Korea. then they took Manchuria in China this violated the League of Nations contract (so they left the league) & our Open Door Policy US decided to make China respect our Open Door Policy |
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Fascism in Europe
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Mussolini in Italy
Hitler in Germany. Hitler's brand called Nazism. Fascism = strongly anti-communist & anti-democratic. completely totalitarianism. utterly nationalistic, militaristic, state ordered, directed capitalism. (Private ownership in favor of govt) Hitler. Racism. Jews. Holocaust. tore up Treaty of Versailles & remilitarized Germany. |
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Gerald Nye
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believed we got into war because we sold war materials to the Allies
believed all war was was ahout helping out war-material salesmen |
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Peace Movement of the 1930s
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especially among college students. Americans just didn't want a war.
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Neautrality Act of 1937
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US isolation and tried to hide behind neutrality policy.
1. No sale of war materials to nations at war 2. No loans to nations at war 3. No Americans can travel on ships belonging to nations at war 4. "Cash and Carry" - come here. buy it. take it. basically a bunch of rights that no one could violate. so basically we didn't claim any rights. |
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Axis Powers
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also the aggressors
Italy, Germany, and Japan they promised to support each other in taking over whatever they wanted |
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Japan Attacks China, 1937
& US Reaction |
tried to take over China by using bombs and killing innocents
China was big and hard to conquer US sent minor aid to China since Japan didnt really declare war on China |
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Panay Incident
& US Reaction to it |
Panay was a small US gunboat on river in China protecting US soil with US flag
Japanese conquered & destroyed it. Americans were killed, but US FORGAVE JAPANESE when they apologized. |
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Fascism Expansion in Europe
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Hitler took Austria.
Then he turned his attention to taking Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia occupied by Germans. |
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Sudetenland
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occupied by Germans.
found in Czechoslovakia, who had a mututal defense alliance with France |
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Munich Conference
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held to decide what to do about Sudetenland.
Britain, Fraince, Italy, Germany decided to give Sudetenland to Hitler to appease him. |
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact, 1939
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Afer getting Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia, Hitler wanted Poland (right between Germany and Russia)
this agreement was a promise to not attack each other for 10 years and Hitler would give some of Poland to Soviet Union |
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Invasion of Poland
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After the Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact was made, Hitler took Poland.
Britain and France went to help Poland. |
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FDR's Position on the War in Europe
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US could not afford to see Nazi Germany win the war in Europe because this would be a threat to the independency, security and existance of the US
FDR wanted to defeat Germany by giving aid (weapons, money, etc) to the allies once he realized that wouldn't work, he deliberately led the US into war with Germany |
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Neutrality Act of 1939
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allowed US to sell war materials to countries at war on a cash and carry basis
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Destroyers for Bases Deal, 1940
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a deal to give the British 50 destroyers (which would help British destroy German submarines) in exchange for the right to build military bases on 8 British colonies around the world
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Wendell Willkie
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He ran against FDR during election of 1940. He ran on charges that FDR would take US into war.
Roosevelt won this election easily. |
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Lend-Lease Act, 1941
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passed to help Britain, who was going broke from war efforts
the President can sell, transfer title to, exchange, lend, lease, or dispose of defense articles to other governments.. when the the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US |
