Chapt 4

Front 1

Referendum

Back 1

General vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

Front 2

Initiative

Back 2

Process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed laws on the ballot.

Front 3

Direct Initiative

Back 3

Measure is put directly to a vote after being submitted by a petition.

Front 4

Line Item Veto

Back 4

(Partial Veto) Special form of veto that authorizes a chief executive to reject particular provisions of a bill enacted by a legislature without vetoing the entire bill.

Front 5

Municipality

Back 5

City or town that has corporate status and local government.

Front 6

One person One vote

Back 6

A person gets only one vote.

Front 7

Recall

Back 7

A procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his or her term has ended.

Front 8

Parole

Back 8

The provisional release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions prior to the completion of the maximum sentence period.

Front 9

Populist Movement

Back 9

A revolt by farmers in the South and Midwest against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties.

Front 10

Regressive Tax

Back 10

A tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases.

Front 11

Governor

Back 11

A public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state.

Front 12

Commute

Back 12

To change (a prison sentence or other penalty) to a less severe one.

Front 13

Advisory

Back 13

Having the power to make recommendations but not to take action enforcing them.

Front 14

Extradite

Back 14

To hand over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the jurisdiction of the foreign state in which the crime was committed.

Front 15

Indirect Initiative

Back 15

A measure is first referred to the legislature, and then put to a popular vote only if not enacted by the legislature.

Front 16

Missouri Plan

Back 16

A method for the selection of judges, originating from Missouri in 1940.

Front 17

Nonpartisan Election

Back 17

Does not permit party labels to appear on the ballot, unlike Partisan Election.

Front 18

General Veto

Back 18

Latin for "I forbid"

The power to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation.

Front 19

Pardon

Back 19

Is granted to an individual, often by the action of a government official to release the individual from any punishment due for the violation of the law, as a death sentence, prison term, or fine.

Front 20

Progressive Movement

Back 20

An effort to cure many of the ills of American society that had developed in the last quarter of the 19th century.

Front 21

Progressive Tax

Back 21

A tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

Front 22

Term Limits

Back 22

A legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office.

Front 23

Dillon's Rule

Back 23

The Dillon Rule is used in interpreting law when there is a question of whether or not a local government has a certain power. Lawyers call it the rule of statutory construction.

John Forest Dillon, for whom the Dillon Rule is named, was the Chief Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court approximately [121] years ago. He was also one of the greatest authorities of his time on municipal law and a prolific writer about local governments.