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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define First Aid.
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First Aid is the emergency care and treatment of a sick or injured person before medical services are obtained.
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What are the three primary purposes of First Aid?
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1. To save life
2. Prevent further injury 3. To minimize or prevent infection. |
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With regards to First Aid what does A.B.C. stand for?
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- Airway
- Breathing - Circulation |
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What is the correct position of a patient being treated for shock?
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Patient should be placed on his or her back, with legs elevated 6 to 12 inches.
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What are the two types of fractures?
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Open and Closed
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True or False: Splints should not be so long that they reach the joint above and below a fracture.
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False
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What are symptoms of a second degree
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Affects the first layer of the skin
Skin blistered and weeping Pain is moderate to severe |
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A fracture or separation of the ribs from the breastbone may produce a free-floating segment called a ___________________?
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flail area
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True or False: Most injuries to the abdomen require surgery to repair the internal damage.
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True
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What are the three types of heat injuries?
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1. Heat Cramps
2. Heat Exhaustion 3. Heat Stroke |
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What are the two types of cold injuries?
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1. Frostbite
2. Hypothermia |
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What does line five of a nine line medevac indicate?
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Number of patients
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What injury is Asphyxiation?
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a complete airway obstruction, insufficient oxygen in the air, inability of the blood to carry oxygen, paralysis of the breathing center of the brain and external compression of the body?
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What is hemorrhage?
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Escape of blood from the vessels of the circulatory system.
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What is the definition of bleeding?
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Escape of blood from capillary, veins, and arteries.
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What are the types of bleeding?
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-Capillary is slow oozing
-Venous is dark red and steady flow -Arterial is bright red, spurting, life threatening, difficult to control |
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What is the complete stoppage of heart function called?
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Cardiac Arrest
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What are the degrees of burns?
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1st
2nd 3rd |
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what is a special category burn?
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Chemical burn
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Which degree of burns are life threatening?
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3rd
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Describe 1st degree burns.
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first layer of skin
mild pain heal withing a week red dry skin |
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Describe 2nd degree burns.
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-First and second layer of skin
-Red, blistered -Moderate to severe pain -heal 2-3 weeks, scarring |
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describe 3rd degree burns.
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-All layers of skin into muscle, tissue, and bone
-White or charred skin become lifeless -Pain will be absent if nerve endings were destroyed and tissue will be painful -Scarring |
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What is the failure of the heart and blood vessels to maintain blood flowing to the vital organs of the body?
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Shock
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What are the steps to control bleeding?
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Direct pressure
Elevation Pressure point Tourniquet |
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Rough handling of a closed fracture may lead to what?
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Open fracture
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how do you treat a lower arm fracture?
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If it's open, stop bleeding and treat wound. straighten the forearm, apply a pneumatic splint if available. Make sure the splints are long enought to extend from the elbow to wrist. Use bandages to hold splints in place. Place the forearm across the chest, palm turned in with thumb pointing up. Support a sling with hand raised 4 inches above the elbow.
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How do you treat an upper arm fracture?
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-If it's near the shoulder place a pad in the armpit. Bandage the arm to the body and support with a sling.
-If middle of the arm use padded splint on the outside of arm. Fasten splinted arm to the body and support with a sling. |
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How do you treat an upper leg fracture?
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Straighten the leg and apply 2 splints, one on the outside and one on the inside. outside should be from armpit to foot and inside from the crotch to the foot. Splints are fastened in 5 places: around the ankle, over the knee, below the hip, around the pelvis, and below the armpit. Legs can then be tied together for support.
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How do you treat a lower leg fracture?
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Straighten the leg, apply pneumatic split if possible. If not apply 3 splints: one on each side of leg and one underneath. Make sure the splints are well padded.
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How do you treat a jaw fracture?
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Make sure the bandage pulls the lower jaw forward. Never force the jaw backward because it interferes with breathing. 4 tailed bandage firmly supporting the injured jaw.
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How do you treat a nose fracture?
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Stop the nosebleed. sit with the head tilted backward. breathe through the mouth and not nose. apply cold compress.
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How do you treat a skull fracture?
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Lye down. If face is flushed, raise head and shoulders and if face is pale keep head level. Watch for vomiting. Control bleeding using caution to the injury. Use donut shaped bandage to surround the protruding objects. No drinks or medications and don't pull the object out.
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How do you treat a spinal fracture?
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Keep flat and don't lower the head. DO NOT MOVE or bend the body. Don't move the head and don't sit up. Keep warm
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How do you treat a rib fracture?
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Arm on the injured side is strapped to the chest to limit motion. Palm flat, thumb up, and forearm raised 45 degrees. Immobilize the chest using bandages to secure the arm to the chest.
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How do you treat a shoulder fracture?
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Apply a sling. Bend the injured arm and place the forearm across the chest with the palm of hand turned in and thumb pointed up. Hand raised 4 inches above the elbow. Use sling, bandage or a figure eight bandage.
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How many pressure points are there?
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22
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What do you use a tourniquet for?
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As last resort.
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what do yo do for burning victims?
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Do not remove clothing adhering to the wound. Start IV for over 20% BSA and shock. Less than 20% use aspiring for the pain. Severe pain sue morphine or Demerol.
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What are the rules of the nine?
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The extent of the burned area, its a rough estimate of the surface area affected.
Head-4.5% Torso-18% Arm- 4.5% Leg-9% |
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What do chemical burns do?
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Direct chemical destruction of the tissues. Alkali burns are more serious than acid burns because alkali penetrate deeper and burn longer.
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What do you do for a chemical burn?
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Remove the liquid with flushing water. Remove dry chemicals by brushing off w/out using your hand. If no large amounts of water are available use none because little amounts can cause a chemical reaction.
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What are soft tissue injuries?
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The most common trauma injuries. They cause a break in the skin, underlying soft tissue, or other body membrane.
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Explain a splint.
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Lightweight, padded, strong, rigid, and long enough to reach the joint above and below the fracture.
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What are the 2 types of Chest injuries?
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Open and Closed.
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What chest wound in most serious, open or closed?
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All because they can cause difficulty breathing and severe bleeding.
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How do you treat a closed chest injury?
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Medical Emergency. Two or more ribs are usually broken. Causes a flail area which can puncture a lung and cause bleeding and then shock.
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Treating chest injuries.
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Maintain ABC's.
Feel the chest to locate the flail area, stabilize flail area with a pad. Position with the flail area against an external object in semi sitting position or lying on the injured side. Treat for shock and get medial help. |
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How do you treat Abdominal Injuries?
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Serious because vital organs may be damaged. Most abdomen injuries require surgery to repair internal damage. Maintain ABC's, comfortable position, treat for shock, nothing given by mouth and request medical care.
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What is the Navy's most commonly used stretcher?
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Stokes Stretcher
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Explain the stokes Stretcher?
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Wire basket supported by iron rods. Valuable for transferring injured people to and from boats. Rescue people from water and ship to ship transfer
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What is the blanket drag?
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Used for people who can not be lifted or carried by one person. Place in the supine position and pull the blanket along the deck. Pull head first with head and shoulders raised so head will not bump.
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Explain the Fireman's Carry.
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Easiest way to carry an unconscious person.
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Explain the Four Hand seat Carry.
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only used for conscious people because he must support himself by placing his arms around the bearers shoulders. Good for head or foot injuries 50-300 m or placing on a litter.
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Explain the 2 Hand Seat Carry.
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Short distances, ly on his back then each kneel at the side near the hips. Pass arms under the thighs and back and grasp other bearers wrist. rise.
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What is the pack strap carry?
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50-300m, he goes behind you, hold his arms in a palms down position.
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What are heat cramps?
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Muscular pains and spasms from the loss of salt from the body. Symptoms are pains and cramps, fain, dizzy, nausea, and vomiting, exhaustion and fatigue.
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What is heat exhaustion?
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Excessive sweating and is the most common condition from heat exposure.
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What is heat stroke?
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Life threatening. Don't have to be in the sun to get. Less common, but more serious than heat exhaustion. Experience a breakdown of the sweating mechanism.
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What is a cold injury?
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Body is exposed to cold temps, blood vessels constrict and body heat is lost. As temps fall tissues are damaged.
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What is frostbite?
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Damage to the skin due to exposure to severe cold. Common on hands, feet, ears, nose, cheeks.
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What is hypothermia?
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Abnormally low body temp. Shiver, dizzy, numb, confusion, unconsciousness, shock.
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