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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What nerves ennervate the pelvic region?
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S2-S4
Pudendal nerves |
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At what age should you begin screening for prostate cancer?
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Age 40: African Americans and those with a family history
Age 50: All others |
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What are the indications for biopsy of the prostate?
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PSA > 4
Abnormal DRE Previous biopsy with atypical cells |
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What are the sites of prostate cancer metastasis?
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Pelvic lymph nodes
Bone Lung Liver |
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A Gleason higher than this is considered high grade cancer
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> 7
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What are the different types of prostate cancer?
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Adenocarcinoma 90%
Transitional cell carcinoma Sarcoma Neuroendocrine |
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What part of the prostate cancer most common?
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Peripheral
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what are some complications of prostectomy?
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Impotence
Urinary incontence Bladder Neck contracture |
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What are some complications of radiation therapy?
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Prostatitis
Cystitis Impotence |
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What is the MCC of microscopic hematuria?
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BPH
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How do you treat BPH medically?
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Alpha Blockers
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors |
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What is the mechanism of action of alpha blockers?
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They relax the prostate at the bladder neck
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What are some side effects of alpha blockers?
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Orthostatic hypotension
Asthenia- feeling weak and tired |
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Which germ cell tumor of the testes is the least malignant?
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Seminoma
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Common testicular tumor in 0-10 yr age group
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Yolk sac tumor
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Common testicular tumor in the 20-30 yr age group
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Chriocarcinoma
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Common testicular tumor in the 30-40 yr age group
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Seminoma
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Common testicular tumor in the >50 yr age group
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Malignant lymphoma
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What tumor markers are used in testicular cancer?
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AFP
B-Hcg LDH |
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What is the best chemo drug?
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Cysplatin
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Which tumor does not respond to chemotherapy?
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Teratomas
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Which chemo drug has pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect?
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Bleomycin
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What are some treatment options for mild prostate cancer?
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Observation ( watchful waiting )
Radical Prostatectomy External Beam Radiation Brachytherapy |
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What are some treatment options for advance prostate cancer?
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Hormonal Treatment:
LHRH-agonist Antiandrogen (Flutamide, Casodex) Estrogen Bilateral Orchiectomy Chemotherapy |
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What are some treatment options for metastasis of prostate cancer?
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Radiation for Bone Mets
Chemo for Soft tissue Mets |
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What part of the prostate is BPH most common?
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transitional zone
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Name some a1-Blockers
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Terazosin
Doxazosin Tamsulosin Alfuzosin |
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Nmae some 5a-reductase inhibitors
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Finasteride
Dutasteride |
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When dealing with kidney stones, when would you refer a pt to a urologist?
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If a ureteral stone is > 5 mm or a stone has not passed after two to four weeks.
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How do you manage Vesicoureteral Reflux?
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Antibiotics
Surgery - Ureteral Reimplantation |
