Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many PCP visits are related to a urinary tract problem?
|
1/10
|
|
|
How many men will seek care for a voiding issue?
|
1/4
|
|
|
How many women will have incontinence?
|
1/4
|
|
|
What 2 meds are used for BPH and LUTS?
|
-alpha blockers
-5-alpha reductase inhibitors |
|
|
What med is used for oab overactive bladder?
|
anticholinergics
|
|
|
What 2 hormonal agents are used in urology and for what?
|
Androgens - decreased libido
Anti-androgens - prostate cancer |
|
|
What is used for ED?
|
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
|
|
|
What 3 things do you want to know when a pt has gross hematuria?
|
-Timing of hematuria
-Associated pain -Clots |
|
|
What 3 groups should always get a work up for a UTI?
|
-All men
-Women with frequent recurrence -Persistence |
|
|
What should the workup be for UTI?
|
-CTU or IVP
-Cystoscopy |
|
|
What are the 2 types of kidney stones and in what ratio?
|
-Radio-opaque 85%
-Radio-lucent 15% |
|
|
What are the 4 main types of kidney stones?
|
-struvite
-uric acid -cysteine -calcium |
|
|
What should the w/u for an acute stone consist of?
|
-History
-Abdominal/flank exam -UA -Noncontrast CT scan |
|
|
What is the recurrence rate for calcium stones?
|
50% within 5 years for first-time formers
|
|
|
What are 4 groups who require a metabolic workup for kidney stones?
|
-Bilateral stones
-+family history -Recurrent stones -Solitary kidney |
|
|
What size stone will 80% pass spontaneously?
|
3mm or less
|
|
|
What meds can be used for expulsive therapy?
|
-Flomax
-Low dose steroids |
|
|
What are 3 ways that BPH can be diagnosed?
|
-LUTS
-Enlarged prostate w/o symptoms -Pathologic obstruction based on pressure flow documentation |
|
|
When does BPH really increase?
|
>60 yo
|
|
|
What part of the prostate does BPH cause problems?
|
Transition zone
|
|
|
2 types of BPH symptoms:
|
-Obstructive
-Irritative |
|
|
What are obstructive symptoms?
|
Weak urine stream
Intermittency Straining Hesitancy Dribbling/sensation of incomplete emptying |
|
|
What are 3 irritative symptoms?
|
Urgency
Nocturia Daytime frequency |
|
|
What works faster; alpha-adrenergic blockers, or 5a-reductase inhibitors?
|
a-blockers
|
|
|
How do a-blockers work?
|
Relax smooth muscle rapidly to improve urinary flow and symptoms
|
|
|
How do 5a-reductase inhibitors work?
|
Reduce size of prostate over several months
|
|
|
How much do 5a-reductase inhibitors reduce PSA levels?
|
By 50%
|
|
|
What do 5alpha-reductase inhibitors inhibit?
|
Conversion of testosterone from the testes into DHT
|
|
|
What is the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor?
|
Finasteride - Proscar
|
|
|
What is the downside of Proscar?
|
Can cause sexual dysfunction
|
|
|
What are 2 alpha-antagonists?
|
Cardura
Flomax |
|
|
What are the 3 oral PDE-5 inhibitors that can be used for ED?
|
-Viagra (used most)
-Levitra -Cialis |
|
|
Which has the longest half life?
|
Cialis
|
|
|
What should you always remember when prescribing PDE5 inhibitors?
|
Never Mix With Nitroglycerin Products!
|
|
|
What are 2 things that cause acute scrotum?
|
-Testicular torsion
-Scrotal abscess |
|
|
What are 5 things that are urologic emergencies?
|
UFAPP
Urinary retention Fournier's gangrene Acute scrotum Priapism Paraphimosis |
|
|
At what age does testicular torsion usually occur?
|
12-18 yo
|
|
|
What is fournier's gangrene?
|
necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia
|
|
|
What is the mortality rate of fournier's gangrene?
|
30%
|
|
|
What are 4 risk factors for Fournier's gangrene?
|
-Diabetes
-Alcohol abuse -SCI -Immunocompromised states |
|
|
What are 3 conditions that Fournier's Gangrene causes which lead to death?
|
-Colorectal disease
-Urethral strictures disease -Cutaneous infections |
|
|
How does Fournier's gangrene present?
|
-Painful swelling of scrotum and penis
-Cellulitis -Odor -Fever |
|
|
What is the treatment for Fournier's gangrene?
|
-Broad spectrum Abx
-Immediate sx debridement -Wound care |
|
|
What is priapism?
|
Persistent erection >4 hrs
|
|
|
What conditions predispose to priapism?
|
-Sickle cell
-Injection therapy -Leukemia |
|
|
What therapies can cause priapism?
|
-TPN (>20% lipids)
-Trazodone -SCI |
|
|
What should you always check if a patient has urinary retention?
|
CREATININE
|
|
|
What if it's elevated?
|
Admit!
|
|
|
What is phimosis?
|
Inability to retract the foreskin
|
|
|
What is paraphimosis?
|
Inability to return the foreskin to normal once retracted.
|
|
|
When should you do prostate cancer screening?
|
In patients between 40-70 yrs with a life expectancy greater than 10 yrs
|
