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29 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Characteristics: Gram (-), bean shaped diplococci, pili holdfast, antiphagocytic, nearly 2 million new cases per year, human is only reservoir, asymptomatic carriage
Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrheae TX: pcn, cephtriaxone |
gonorrhea aka gonococcus (GC)
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S/S of GC in males:
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urethritis, dysuria, pus-like exudate ("clap", "drip")
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S/S of GC in females:
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cervicitis, pharyngitis, proctitis; 10% progress to PID that may lead to infertility; may cause conjunctivitis in newborns of infected moms
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How is GC diagnosed?
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By finding gram (-) diplococci that are oxidase positive; speciation requires sugar fermentation tests
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Protein that compromises pili
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pilin
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Strains of GC that are non-pathogenic d/t inability to attach well; washed away by urinary stream
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Pilin negative strains of GC
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Characteristics: Spirochete, 0.2x 15 microns-require dark field microscopy, highly motile, growth only in living rabbit testes, neither gram (-) or (+)
Bacteria: Treponema pallidum S/S: dependent on stage, occurs in 3 stages if not treated |
Syphilis
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S/S of primary syphilis stage
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painless chancre, often goes unobserved in females; highly contagious fluid covers lesions
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S/S of secondary syphilitic stage
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begins after bacteria are latent for between 2 and 10 weeks; rash on palms and soles of feet that lasts for weeks to months; "great imposter" remains highly contagious, can be spread by kissing
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S/S of tertiary syphilis
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Occurs years after infection; destruction of soft tissue of bones, heart, brain, internal viscera, ect (gummas); few or no organisms present; untreatable
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General group of mental illnesses that appear approx 20 years after syphilis infection
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general paresis
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S/S of general paresis
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emotional instability, memory loss, impaired judgment, delusions, hallucinations, loss of vision, eye damage and speech defects
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Characteristics: Gram (-), roundish, obligate intracellular pathogen, number one infectious bacterium in the world, grows in phagocytes
Bacteria: chlamydia trachomatis S/S: none in 70% of females and 30% of males; very similar s/s to GC when symptoms present TX: tetracyclines |
Chlamydia
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Why is chlamydia called an energy parasite?
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It can not produce ATP and most transport it from host's cells
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Name the two forms of chlamydia
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vegetative intracellular and infectious extracellular
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Urethritis most commonly caused by C. trachomatis
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Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
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Eye infection in the newborn caused by C. trachomatis; named for inclusions seen in cytoplasm of infected eye cells
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inclusion conjunctivitis
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Eye disease caused by C. trachomatis d/t hypersensitivity reaction from multiple infections; greatest cause of preventable blindness in the world
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trachoma
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Disease caused by C. trachomatis infecting the fallopian tubes; often asymptomatic; leads to closure of tubes and sterility
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salpingitis
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Where must drugs travel to be effective against chlamydia
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Into the host cell, then into the inclusion body, and finally into the bacteria itself
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Characteristics: Enveloped virion, DNA
S/S: lesions when not latent TX: Acyclovir -half a million new cases each year; 20 million infected -readily spread when lesions are present -Condoms reduce risk tenfold |
Herpes Simplex Virus II aka genital herpes
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Active lesions at childbirth can lead to this disease; normally lethal to newborn; antivirals ineffective
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disseminated disease of the newborn
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Drug used to tx herpetic karatitis
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iodoxuridine
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Drug used to tx herpes caused encephalitis
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adenine arabinoside (AraA)
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Characteristics: naked, icosahedral virions, DNA
Virus: papilloma TX: surgical removal -most are benign -found in over 95% of all cervical carcinomas -requires cofactor to cause CA |
Genital warts
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Characteristics: yeast, ovoid in shape, often recurrent
Fungus: candida albicans S/S: pruritis, vaginal burning and "cottage cheese" discharge, little to no s/s in males -C. albicans is part of the normal flora in 30% of women |
Candidiasis aka frank vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, and yeast infection
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Factors that increase risk of vulvocandidiasis
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ABTs, diabetes, pregnancy, tight-fitting garments, and oral contraceptives
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Characteristics: undulating membrane, motility via flagella
Protozoan: trichomonas vaginalis S/S: vaginitis in females and urethritis in males; white frothy discharge in females; more severe in females -Infects 1% of US q year |
Trichomoniasis
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How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?
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Finding a motile protozoan in wet mounts of clinical specimens
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