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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal urine color, clarity ______, ______ ______.
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straw, amber, transparent
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Normal urine odor ______ aromatic.
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faint
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Normal urine sterility ______ microorganisms present.
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no
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Normal urine pH ___ - ___.
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4.5 - 8
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Normal urine specific gravity ______ - ______.
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1.010 - 1.025
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Normal urine glucose ______ ______.
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not present
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Normal urine ketone bodies (acetone) ______ ______.
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not present
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Normal urine blood ______ ______.
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no present
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Abnormal urine output in 24 hours (adult) under ______ or a ______ amount over intake.
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1,200 mL; large
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______ urine color clarity: dark amber, cloudy, dark orange, red or dark brown, mucous plugs, viscid, thick.
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Abnormal
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Abnormal odor ______.
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offensive
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Abnormal sterility ______ ______.
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microorganisms present
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Abnormal pH over ___ and under ___
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8; 4.5
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Abnormal specific gravity over ______ or under ______
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1.025; 1.010
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Abnormal uring glucose ______.
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present
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Abnormal urine ketone bodies ______.
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present
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Abnormal urine blood ______.
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present
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Urinary output normally is approximately ______ to fluid intake.
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equal
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Output of less than ___ mL/hr may indicate decreased blood flow to the kidneys and should be immediately reported.
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30 mL/hr
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Concentrated urine is ______ in color.
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darker
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______ urine may appear almost clear, or very pale yellow.
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Dilute
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Red ______ ______ in the urine (hematuria) may be evident as pink, bright red, or rusty brown urine. Menstrual bleeding can also color urine but should not be confused with hematuria.
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blood cells
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White blood cells, bacteria, pus, or contaminants such as prostatic fluid, sperm, or vaginal drainage may cause ______ urine.
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cloudy
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Some foods e.g., asparagus cause a ______ odor.
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musty
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Infected urine can have a ______ odor.
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fetid
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Freshly voided urine is normally somewhat ______.
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acidic
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______ urine may indicate a state of alkalosis, urinary tract infection, or a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
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Alkline
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More ______ urine (low pH) is found in starvation, with diarrhea, or with a diet high in protein foods or cranberries.
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acidic
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______ urine has a higher specific gravity
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Concentrated
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______ urine has a lower specific gravity.
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Diluted
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______ in the urine indicated high blood glucose levels (>___ mg/dL) and may be indicative of undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
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Glucose; >180 mg/dL
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______, the end product of the breakdown of fatty acids, are not normally present in the urine. They may be present in the urine of clients who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, who are in a state of starvation, or who have ingested excessive amounts of aspirin.
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Ketones
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______ may be present in the urine of clients who have urinary tract infection, kidney disease, or bleeding from the urinary tract.
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Blood
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