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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urethral syndrome |
Urethral infection only (in women) causing severe dysuria and urgency - urethritis |
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Cystitis |
Urethral syndrome with infection of the bladder. Causes a heavy feeling suprepubically relieved by micturition. May resolve with increased fluid intake alone |
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Pyelonephritis |
Infection involving the kidney parenchyma. Causes loin pain, fever and sometimes rigor and bacteraemia. |
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Thing that predispose to infection |
Catheterisation, infrequent emptying, reduced fluid intake, obstruction, vesicoureteric reflux amd neurological problems (impaired bladder control). Congenital abnormalities can be associated with urinary obstruction e.g. horseshoe kidney, partial or complete duplicated ureter, and congenital ureteropelvic obstruction. |
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UTIs in young children |
Common in children and underlying urinary tract abnormalities should be looked for radiologically. Often no symptoms related to the urinary tract. Symptoms such as sepsis, irritability, failure to thrive, loss of appetite and vomiting. Diagnosis is difficult as urine is passed through area of commensal bacteria. |
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Microscopy-pyuria |
The presence of pus in the urine typically from bacterial infection. Can be caused by UTI, interstitial nephropathy, acute glomerulonephritis, tumours, post surgery, long term catheter, fevers in children and contamination from vagina. Diagnosis is to isolate uropathogenic bacteria and identify mixtures. |
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Treatment of UTIs |
Treatment is with antibiotics which have good urinary penetration, are well tolerated and have few side effects. If it is 3 days or less it is simple and complicated if its 10-14 days. A 3 day course of trimethoprim/nitofurantoin antibiotics is the usual treatment. A 10 day treatment of meropenem for multi-resistant isolates and antibiotics such as cephalosporins or co-amoxiclan that penetrates systemically. |
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Sepsis |
The body's response to infection. High mortality relate is it isn't managed aggressively and requires antibiotics urgently. Symptoms: fever, shaking chills, reduced mental alertness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased heart and respiratory rate, low blood pressure and altered kidney of liver function. |
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UTIs |
35% of recurrent UTIs are caused by vesico-urinary reflux, 50% normal and the other 15% by abnormal urinary tract. They occur in 13% of catheterised patients but risk depends on the method and duration. Catheters should only be used after condidering alternative methods and the patient's need should be reviewed regularly with removal as soon as possible. |
