Admn 1306 Chapter 7

Front 1

Acetone

Back 1

Ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells.

Front 2

Albuminuria

Back 2

Protein in the urine.

Front 3

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 3

Pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urine, preventing excess loss of water. Also called vasopressin.

Front 4

Anuria

Back 4

Suppression of urine formation by the kidney.

Front 5

Arteriole

Back 5

Small artery.

Front 6

Azotemia

Back 6

Excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia.

Front 7

Bacteriuria

Back 7

Bacteria in the urine.

Front 8

Caliceal

Back 8

Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney).

Front 9

Caliectasis

Back 9

Dilation or widening of a calyx. This occurs when urine is backed up in the kidney as in hydronephrosis.

Front 10

Calyx; calyces

Back 10

Cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney).

Front 11

Catheter

Back 11

Tube for injecting or removing fluids.

Front 12

Cortex

Back 12

Outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.

Front 13

Cortical

Back 13

Pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ).

Front 14

Creatinine

Back 14

Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.

Front 15

Creatinine clearance test

Back 15

Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.

Front 16

Cystectomy

Back 16

Excision (removal) of the urinary bladder.

Front 17

Cystitis

Back 17

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Front 18

Cystoscopy

Back 18

Visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder.

Front 19

Cystostomy

Back 19

New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Front 20

Diabetes insipidus

Back 20

Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).

Front 21

Diabetes mellitus

Back 21

Abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas. This leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine).

Front 22

Diuresis

Back 22

Increased excretion of urine by the kidneys. A diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water.

Front 23

Dysuria

Back 23

Painful urination.

Front 24

Edema

Back 24

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces.

Front 25

Electrolyte

Back 25

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-).

Front 26

Enuresis

Back 26

Bedwetting; literally, “in urine.”

Front 27

Erythropoietin

Back 27

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production by bone marrow.

Front 28

Essential hypertension

Back 28

High blood pressure due to no apparent cause.

Front 29

Filtration

Back 29

Process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material.

Front 30

Glomerular capsule

Back 30

Collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus; also known as Bowman capsule.

Front 31

Glomerulonephritis

Back 31

Inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney.

Front 32

Glomerulus; glomeruli

Back 32

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the cortex of the kidney. As blood flows through each glomerulus, waste materials and other substances are filtered from the bloodstream.

Front 33

Glycosuria

Back 33

Sugar in the urine.

Front 34

Hematuria

Back 34

Blood in the urine.

Front 35

Hemodialysis

Back 35

Removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning. Blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein.

Front 36

Intravesical

Back 36

Pertaining to within the bladder

Front 37

Ketonuria

Back 37

Presence of ketones in the urine. Common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but can occur in anytime the body begins to break down fatty tissue to provide energy as in starvation.

Front 38

Ketosis

Back 38

Accumulation of large quantities of ketone bodies (acetones) in the blood; ketoacidosis.

Front 39

Kidney

Back 39

One of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region.

Front 40

Lithotripsy

Back 40

Process of using high-energy sound waves to crush a stone within the kidney or ureter.

Front 41

Meatal stenosis

Back 41

Narrowing of the meatus (opening) leading from the urethra to the outside of the body.

Front 42

Meatus

Back 42

An opening or passageway. The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra to the outside of the body and the auditory meatus is the opening of the ear to the outside of the body.

Front 43

Medulla

Back 43

Inner region of an organ.

Front 44

Medullary

Back 44

Pertaining to the medulla or an organ.

Front 45

Nephrolithiasis

Back 45

Abnormal condition of kidney stones.

Front 46

Nephrolithotomy

Back 46

Incision of the kidney to remove a stone.

Front 47

Nephron

Back 47

Functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, renal tubule, and collecting tubule.

Front 48

Nephropathy

Back 48

Disease or abnormality of the kidney.

Front 49

Nephroptosis

Back 49

Prolapse of a kidney; floating or wandering kidney.

Front 50

Nephrostomy

Back 50

Opening of the kidney to the outside of the body.

Front 51

Nephrotic syndrome

Back 51

Group of symptoms that occur due to loss of protein in the urine. Symptoms include edema (swelling of tissues), hypoalbuminemia (loss of protein from the blood), heavy proteinuria, and infection. This condition is also known as nephrosis.

Front 52

Nitrogenous waste

Back 52

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine: examples are urea, creatinine and uric acid.

Front 53

Nocturia

Back 53

Urinary frequency at night.

Front 54

Oliguria

Back 54

Scanty urination.

Front 55

Paranephric

Back 55

Pertaining to beside or near a kidney.

Front 56

Peritoneal dialysis

Back 56

Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream by introducing fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Wastes then leave the bloodstream and enter the fluid, which is drained through an abdominal catheter.

Front 57

Phenylketonuria

Back 57

Excess of phenylketones in the urine; diagnosed by a PKU test at birth.

Front 58

Polycystic kidney disease

Back 58

Kidneys are filled with cysts that prevent normal kidney function.

Front 59

Polydipsia

Back 59

Excessive thirst.

Front 60

Polyuria

Back 60

Excessive urination.

Front 61

Potassium

Back 61

Chemical element that forms salts with other minerals such as calcium and is vital for bodily processes. When dissolved in water, it is an electrolyte whose balance is regulated by the kidney.

Front 62

Pyelolithotomy

Back 62

Incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis of the kidney.

Front 63

Pyelonephritis

Back 63

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial infection.

Front 64

Pyuria

Back 64

Pus in the urine; sign of urinary tract infection (UTI).

Front 65

Reabsorption

Back 65

Process in the kidney by which the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

Front 66

Renal angiography

Back 66

X-ray record of blood vessels of the kidney after injecting contrast material.

Front 67

Renal angioplasty

Back 67

Surgical repair of blood vessels in the kidney. Narrowed areas of renal arteries are dilated using an inflatable balloon attached to a catheter.

Front 68

Renal artery

Back 68

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

Front 69

Renal calculi

Back 69

Kidney stones.

Front 70

Renal cell carcinoma

Back 70

Malignant tumor of the kidney in an adult.

Front 71

Renal colic

Back 71

Severe pain resulting from stones (calculi) in a ureter or in the kidney (renal pelvis).

Front 72

Renal failure

Back 72

Failure of the kidneys to produce and excrete urine.

Front 73

Renal hypertension

Back 73

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

Front 74

Renal ischemia

Back 74

Condition in which blood is held back from the kidney, often by blockage of renal arteries and arterioles.

Front 75

Renal pelvis

Back 75

Central collecting chamber of the kidney.

Front 76

Renal transplantation

Back 76

Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.

Front 77

Renal tubule

Back 77

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

Front 78

Renal vein

Back 78

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and back toward the heart.

Front 79

Renin

Back 79

A substance (enzyme) synthesized, stored and secreted by the kidney to raise blood pressure. It causes narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels.

Front 80

Retrograde pyelogram

Back 80

X-ray record of the kidney, ureters, and urinary bladder after injection of contrast material through a urinary catheter into the ureters.

Front 81

Secondary hypertension

Back 81

High blood pressure caused by kidney disease or by other disorders.

Front 82

Sodium

Back 82

Chemical element necessary for cellular functioning. As an electrolyte, its blood and urine levels are regulated by the kidney.

Front 83

Stricture

Back 83

Narrowing of a tubular structure in the body.

Front 84

Trigone

Back 84

Triangular area in the urinary bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits.

Front 85

Trigonitis

Back 85

Inflammation of the trigone of the urinary bladder.

Front 86

Urea

Back 86

Major nitrogenous waste material in urine.

Front 87

Uremia

Back 87

Excessive amount of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood.

Front 88

Ureter

Back 88

Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

Front 89

Ureteroileostomy

Back 89

New opening of the ureters to an isolated portion of the ileum that has been removed from its normal location and connected to the outside of the body. It serves as a passageway for urine to leave the body when the urinary bladder is not functioning.

Front 90

Ureteroneocystostomy

Back 90

Surgical transplantation of a ureter to a new site in the urinary bladder. This occurs with a kidney transplant.

Front 91

Urethra

Back 91

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Front 92

Urethral stricture

Back 92

Narrowing of the urethra.

Front 93

Urethritis

Back 93

Inflammation of the urethra.

Front 94

Urethroplasty

Back 94

Surgical repair of the urethra.

Front 95

Uric acid

Back 95

Nitrogenous waste formed when proteins are used in cells. It is excreted by the kidneys in urine.

Front 96

Urinalysis

Back 96

Series of tests to evaluate the composition of urine. It includes tests to determine color, appearance, sugar, bacteria, and protein in blood.

Front 97

Urinary bladder

Back 97

Hollow container with muscular walls that holds and stores urine until it is discharged from the body. Urinary catheterization is passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine.

Front 98

Urinary catheterization

Back 98

Passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine.

Front 99

Urinary incontinence

Back 99

Involuntary passage of urine.

Front 100

Urinary retention

Back 100

Inability to pass urine, which is held back in the urinary bladder. Urination is the process of expelling urine; micturition; voiding.

Front 101

Urination

Back 101

Process of expelling urine.

Front 102

Vesicoureteral reflux

Back 102

Backflow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureters.

Front 103

Voiding

Back 103

Urination.

Front 104

Voiding cystourethrogram

Back 104

X-ray record of the urinary bladder and urethra taken while a patient is urinating and after contrast material is injected retrograde through the urethra.

Front 105

Wilms tumor

Back 105

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in childhood.