Urinary Test

Front 1

What would normal PH of Urine be?

Back 1

What would normal PH of Urine be?

6-8 is normal PH

Front 2

What color should normal urine be?

Back 2

What color should normal urine be? Clear and slightly yellow, faint urine odor, Specific gravity 1.003 - 1.030,

Front 3

What is the specific gravity of urine?

Back 3

What is the specific gravity of urine?
Specific gravity 1.003 - 1.030

Front 4

What are the normal constituents of urine?

Back 4

What are the normal constituents of urine?
NaCl, Urea, H2O

Front 5

What are abnormal constituents of urine?

Back 5

Qa. What are the abnormal constituents in urine?

- dark Amber color

- high to low specific gravity

- elevated WBC’s (0-4 normal) (Leukoesterase= sign of infection)

- elevated RBC’s (0-2 normal)

- Protein and glucose

Front 6

What Lab test is done on the kidneys?

Back 6

Specific Gravity reflects the kidneys ability to concentrate urine

Front 7

Urine Sample with several different organisms present is indicactive of, what?

Back 7

UA with several different organisms present is indicactive of a contaminated sample (redo with I&O or new clean catch)

Front 8

Pt with dysuria and frequency ad taking ATB's frequently to self treat - what do you tell the pt?

Back 8

Pt with dysuria and frequency ad taking ATB's frequently to self treat - tell pt to stop as it's killing some organisms and allowing others to proliferate

Front 9

During a urinalysis what's normal:
- pH-?
- urine odor-?
- specific gravity-?
- What should be in the urine?

Back 9

During a urinalysis what's normal:
- pH 6-8
- clear and slightly yellow, faint urine odor
- specific gravity 1.003- 1.030
- sodium, chloride, and water

Front 10

What are abnormal constituents in urine?
- WBC's >? and RBC's >?
- no ______, _____, ______, _____
- high or low specific gravity
- what color urine?

Back 10

What are abnormal constituents in urine?
- WBC's >4 and RBC's >2
- no leukocyte esterase, protein, glucose
- high or low specific gravity
- dark amber color urine

Front 11

What are the normal constituents in urine?

Back 11

What are the normal constituents in urine?

- Sodium

- chloride

- urea

- water

(P.s. Urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chlorides)

Front 12

What does specific gravity reflect?

Back 12

What does specific gravity reflect?

- reflects the kidneys ability to concentrate urine

Front 13

If several organisms are detected in the urine sample collected, what does this sample tell you?

Back 13

If several organisms are detected in the urine sample collected, what does this sample tell you?

- it’s contaminated

- collect new sample, a clean catch

Front 14

Pt is complaining of dysuria (painful urination) and frequency, pt is also self- medicating with antibiotics, what do you do?

Back 14

Pt is complaining of dysuria (painful urination) and frequency, pt is also self- medicating with antibiotics, what do you do?

- tell the pt to stop taking antibiotic meds

- pt has possible UTI

Front 15

What lab is elevated for a pt with kidney disease?

Back 15

What lab is elevated for a pt with kidney disease?

- elevated serum creatinine

Front 16

What blood test suggested by the American Cancer Society is recommended as a screening test for prostate cancer?

Back 16

What blood test suggested by the American Cancer Society is recommended as a screening test for prostate cancer?

- PSA test (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Front 17

QA. What is a cystoscopy?

QB. After procedure, urine is pink tinged, what do you know?

Back 17

Qa. What is a cystoscopy?

- Examines the bladder

Qb. After procedure, urine is pink tinged, what do you know?

- this is a normal reaction, but continue to monitor the pt for any blood in the urine.

Front 18

What is the normal range of serum creatinine (for female and male)?

Back 18

What is the normal range of serum creatinine?

- 0.5 to 1.2mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 females, 0.6 to 1.2 males)

Front 19

Your pt is going to undergo a renal arteriography, what do they do for this procedure?

Back 19

Your pt is going to undergo a renal arteriography, what do they do for this procedure?

- Femoral arterial puncture is performed

** make sure to mark the distal pedal pulses before and after procedure**

Front 20

qa. Following a needle biopsy of the kidney, what do you check your pt for?

qb. What position would you put the pt in after this procedure?

Back 20

Following a needle biopsy of the kidney, what do you check your pt for?

- bleeding

12b. What position would you put the pt in after this procedure?

- place pt on their back w/ a pillow pressing on their site to tampanode the bleeding

Front 21

Your pt is going in for a flat plate of the abdomen (KUB) x-ray, what preparation is needed?

Back 21

Your pt is going in for a flat plate of the abdomen (KUB) x-ray, what preparation is needed?

- explain procedure to pt

- remove anything metal

Front 22

Qa. What preparation is needed for a CT scan w/ dye?

Qb. What might the pt experience while the dye is being injected?

Back 22

14a. What preparation is needed for a CT scan w/ dye?

- ask pt about allergies to iodine and shellfish

- pt experience metallic taste in the mouth

14b. What might the pt experience while the dye is being injected?

- warm flushed feeling

- notify dr. immediately when the pt has shortness of breath during the injection of the dye

Front 23

qa. You’re looking at the urinalysis report of a pt w/ cystitis, you would expect the sample to show what?

qb. After the cystoscopy procedure, what do you monitor the pt for?

Back 23

You’re looking at the urinalysis report of a pt w/ cystitis, you would expect the sample to show what?

- elevated WBC and specific gravity

- NO glucose

15b. After the cystoscopy procedure, what do you monitor the pt for?

- Monitor pt for urine retention, back pain, and pink tinged urine (normal)

Front 24

Your pt has urinary retention, he has a foley catheter in place and he is complaining of pain in the abdominals and uretha, what do you check for?

Back 24

Your pt has urinary retention, he has a foley catheter in place and he is complaining of pain in the abdominals and uretha, what do you check for?

- check for placement and patency (open) of the catheter {for all tubes}

Front 25

What do we do for catheter care?

Back 25

What do we do for catheter care?

- clean around the open meatus w/ normal saline using a gauze dressing

- wipe tube from proximal to distal w/ normal saline

Front 26

What activities may increase expulsion of urine w/ someone who has stress incontinence?

Back 26

What activities may increase expulsion of urine w/ someone who has stress incontinence?

- sneezing, laughing, coughing, or lifting heavy objects

Front 27

Why are women more prone to cystitis than men? (or any UTI)

Back 27

Why are women more prone to cystitis than men? (or any UTI)

- women have shorter urethra

- closer proximity to the anus

Front 28

LVN in charge of UAP’s, what kind of tasks can the LVN delegate to the UAP?

- UAP’s are ALLOWED to do the following:

- UAP’s are NOT ALLOWED to do the following:

Back 28

LVN in charge of UAP’s, what kind of tasks can the LVN delegate to the UAP?

- UAP’s are ALLOWED to do the following:

- measure urinary output

- provide fluids to the pt

- assist pt to restroom

- UAP’s are NOT ALLOWED to do the following:

- assess

- give medications

- perform procedures w/ exception of VS

Front 29

What sign is very common in elderly people who have UTI’s?

Back 29

What sign is very common in elderly people who have UTI’s?

- mental confusion

Front 30

Pt complains of cloudy, foul smelling urine, before you exam the pt, what do you suspect and what questions do you ask first?

Back 30

Pt complains of cloudy, foul smelling urine, before you exam the pt, what do you suspect and what questions do you ask first?

- UTI

- Do you have dysuria?

- Do you have chills and fever?

- Have you noticed any blood in urine?

- Do you have any back pain? Does the pain radiate from the back to the groin?

- Collect urine sample, if no lab, place specimen in refrigerator

Front 31

Male pt w/ urethritis, what s/s will he be complaining about?

Back 31

Male pt w/ urethritis, what s/s will he be complaining about?

- dysuria, penile discharge and all other s/s of UTI

- before any antibiotics are given, make sure C&S identifies organism

Front 32

qa. What is the rationale for pushing fluids for a pt who has pyelonephritis?

qb. What are the risk factors?

Back 32

a. What is the rationale for pushing fluids for a pt who has pyelonephritis?

- to prevent urinary stasis (static urine)

24b. What are the risk factors?

- renal calculi (kidney stones)

- enlarged prostate

- pregnancy

- bladder tumors

Front 33

Pt has possible kidney stones, what do you do w/ his urine?

Back 33

Pt has possible kidney stones, what do you do w/ his urine?

- strain the urine, when stones are found, send to lab (use cone strainer)

Front 34

a. What is the characteristic of renal colic?

b. What is colic?

Back 34

a. What is the characteristic of renal colic?

- excruciating pain

- flank pain that radiates towards the groin and may reach up to the shoulder

b. What is colic?
- cramp-like pain (gas)

Front 35

Pt who has kidney stones, what kind of activity is most appropriate?

Back 35

Pt who has kidney stones, what kind of activity is most appropriate?

- ambulation- helps stone pass

Front 36

If kidney stone comes back and it’s a uric acid stone, what kind of diet should they be on?

b. Suppose the stone is made out of calcium, what kind of foods should they eliminate?

Back 36

If kidney stone comes back and it’s a uric acid stone, what kind of diet should they be on?

- Low purine

- eliminate organ meats (liver, kidney, brain, tongue, etc.)

28b. Suppose the stone is made out of calcium, what kind of foods should they eliminate?

- foods w/ calcium

- eliminate dairy, fortified foods w/calcium

Front 37

PRIORITY QUESTION: Pt has renal stones (calculi, colic), which one is to receive the highest priority (which one is most important)?

- encourage ambulation

- monitor I&O

- strain all urine

- giving prescribe medication

Back 37

PRIORITY QUESTION: Pt has renal stones (calculi, colic), which one is to receive the highest priority (which one is most important)?

- encourage ambulation

- monitor I&O

- strain all urine

- ANSWER: giving prescribe medication

Front 38

Pt has renal calculi, are you going to withhold fluids or encourage fluids?

Back 38

Pt has renal calculi, are you going to withhold fluids or encourage fluids?

- encourage fluids, push fluids

- 2000 to 3000 mL

Front 39

What is a common complication of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)?
- rephrased question: stone blocks the passage of urine, what happens to the kidney?

Back 39

What is a common complication of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)?

- rephrased question: stone blocks the passage of urine, what happens to the kidney?

- hydronephrosis, water, urine in the kidney

Front 40

Pt has diagnosis of renal cancer, what is the s/s that most likely brought him to the dr’s office?

Back 40

Pt has diagnosis of renal cancer, what is the s/s that most likely brought him to the dr’s office?

- painless hematuria (bleeding)

Front 41

What would you want to talk about w/ a pt who has polycystic kidney disease?

Back 41

What would you want to talk about w/ a pt who has polycystic kidney disease?

- genetic counseling

Front 42

What would be the most serious complication of polycystic kidney disease?

Back 42

What would be the most serious complication of polycystic kidney disease?

- end stage renal disease (renal failure)

Front 43

Qa. What is benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy (BPH)?


Qb. What does BPH cause?


Qc. What are the s/s of BPH the pt will complain about?

Qd. What kind of surgeries are performed for BPH?


Qe. Pt is post-op after TURP, what is the purpose of bladder irrigation?

Back 43

a. What is benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy (BPH)?

- prostate gland enlargement

35b. What does BPH cause?

- urinary retention urine backs up leading to hydronephrosis

35c. What are the s/s of BPH the pt will complain about?

- nocturia, urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting or continuing to stream)

35d. What kind of surgeries are performed for BPH?

- TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)

35e. Pt is post-op after TURP, what is the purpose of bladder irrigation?

- to keep the catheter patent, get rid of the clots, prevent clots from forming

- pt will have a little bleeding, urine will be reddish -> pinkish color urine (normal after surgery)

Front 44

Pt has continuous bladder irrigation, how are you going to measure urinary output?

Back 44

Pt has continuous bladder irrigation, how are you going to measure urinary output?

- total amount infused and subtract from total urine output and the difference is the total amount of urine

Front 45

Pt had TURP surgery 4hrs ago, pt has red bloody urine (normal), pt complaining of bladder spasms (normal), has urinary output of 40mL/hr (normal), BP is 90/60, P is 130 (abnormal), pt has hypotension and tachycardia, these are signs of shock, bleeding too much, what do you do?

Back 45

Pt had TURP surgery 4hrs ago, pt has red bloody urine (normal), pt complaining of bladder spasms (normal), has urinary output of 40mL/hr (normal), BP is 90/60, P is 130 (abnormal), pt has hypotension and tachycardia, these are signs of shock, bleeding too much, what do you do?

- notify the doctor/surgeon

Front 46

Pt is going to receive a suprapubic prostatectomy, what kind of tube will the pt have after surgery?

Back 46

Pt is going to receive a suprapubic prostatectomy, what kind of tube will the pt have after surgery?

- suprapubic cystostomy catheter

Front 47

What is the name of the gland that surrounds the urethra in men?

Back 47

What is the name of the gland that surrounds the urethra in men?

- prostate gland

Front 48

Pt has cancer of the prostate, pt is requesting urinal frequently but can’t void or voids very little what is this a cause of?

Back 48

Pt has cancer of the prostate, pt is requesting urinal frequently but can’t void or voids very little what is this a cause of?

- enlarged prostate that is causing urinary retention

Front 49

Qa. Pt comes into the ER complaining of low abdominal pain, hematuria, and low back pain, he does not have a fever, what do you want to assess him for?


Qb. If there was bladder trauma, where would the pain be referred?

Back 49

a. Pt comes into the ER complaining of low abdominal pain, hematuria, and low back pain, he does not have a fever, what do you want to assess him for?

- blunt force trauma to the abdomen (Bladder trauma)

qb. If there was bladder trauma, where would the pain be referred?

- radiates to shoulder pain

Front 50

When catheterizing a pt, you find blood at the meatus before insertion, what do you do?

Back 50

When catheterizing a pt, you find blood at the meatus before insertion, what do you do?

- notify the doctor

Front 51

Pt has nephrotic syndrome, what kind of instructions would you tell your pt?

- would you force fluids throughout day

- adding salt to diet

- increasing consumption of fatty foods

- increasing protein

Back 51

Pt has nephrotic syndrome, what kind of instructions would you tell your pt?

- would you force fluids throughout day

- adding salt to diet

- increasing consumption of fatty foods

- ANSWER: increasing protein

Front 52

Qa. What s/s of a pt w/ nephrotic syndrome, what would the pt look like?

Qb. What would you monitor on a daily basis w/ a pt who has generalized edema w/ nephrotic syndrome?

Back 52

Qa. What s/s of a pt w/ nephrotic syndrome, what would the pt look like?

- ANSWER: generalized edema (anasarca)

- blood loss through the urine

- polyuria and fluid volume deficit

- hypotension

Qb. What would you monitor on a daily basis w/ a pt who has generalized edema w/ nephrotic syndrome?

- daily weights

Front 53

According to the lab tests received, your pt has hypoalbuminemia, and has hyperlipidemia, what causes this?

Back 53

According to the lab tests received, your pt has hypoalbuminemia, and has hyperlipidemia, what causes this?

- too much protein in the urine

Front 54

What is glomerulonephritis?

Back 54

What is glomerulonephritis?

- bilateral inflammation of the glomerular capillaries

Front 55

Qa. During the acute phase of the acute glomerulonephritis, how is the pt going to be feeling?

Qb. What color would the pt’s urine be?

Qc. What are the common causes?

Back 55

a. During the acute phase of the acute glomerulonephritis, how is the pt going to be feeling?

- fatigued, tired {encourage bedrest}

- mild to severe hypertension

- lack of appetite (anorexia) {encourage small meals}

Qb. What color would the pt’s urine be?

- coca cola colored

Qc. What are the common causes?

- strept throat

- go to dr. and get antibiotic

Front 56

What is the definition of azotemia?

Back 56

What is the definition of azotemia?

- elevated BUN and creatinine

Front 57

Pt has chronic renal failure…
(Choose the most important one)

A) restrict fluids
B) do not encourage high sodium intake
C) do not encourage high protein and potassium

Back 57

Pt has chronic renal failure…

- ANSWER: restrict fluids

- do not encourage high sodium intake

- do not encourage high protein and potassium

Front 58

Pt w/ chronic renal failure has a strong urine odor on the body and covered with a white film (Uremic Frost), the pt asks you what causes uremic frost. What would you tell the pt?

Back 58

Pt w/ chronic renal failure has a strong urine odor on the body and covered with a white film (Uremic Frost), the pt asks you what causes uremic frost. What would you tell the pt?
- since your kidneys are not working, waste products are coming through the skin

Front 59

Pt w/ chronic renal failure, what will you have to monitor the pt for?

Back 59

Pt w/ chronic renal failure, what will you have to monitor the pt for?
- Monitor respiratory system, lung sounds

Front 60

You are teaching a pt with chronic renal failure about their diet, what would you instruct them to do?

Back 60

You are teaching a pt with chronic renal failure about their diet, what would you instruct them to do?
- eliminate anything that liquifies at room temperature (ice cream, sherbert, etc.)
- restrict fluids

Front 61

Pt w/ chronic renal failure is asking for juice, what kind of juice can he drink?
- grape fruit
- orange
- prune
- cranberry
- apple juice

Back 61

Pt w/ chronic renal failure is asking for juice, what kind of juice can he drink?
- grape fruit
- orange
- prune
- cranberry
- ANSWER: apple juice

Front 62

In chronic renal failure, what VS are we most concerned about?

Back 62

In chronic renal failure, what VS are we most concerned about?
- BP, concern with hypertension

Front 63

Qa. Pt has been newly diagnosed w/ acute renal failure, what lab values pose the greatest risk to the pt?

Qb. What medication do you give with potassim level high?

Back 63

a. Pt has been newly diagnosed w/ acute renal failure, what lab values pose the greatest risk to the pt?
- Serum pH 7.3
- BUN 40
- Creatinine 5.8
- ANSWER: potassium 7.0
55b. What medication do you give with potassim level high?
- Kayexalate

Front 64

Pt w/ acute kidney failure is having facial muscle twitching and tingling in her toes and fingers, what electrolyte is the main cause?

Back 64

Pt w/ acute kidney failure is having facial muscle twitching and tingling in her toes and fingers, what electrolyte is the main cause?
- too little calcium (hypocalcemia)

Front 65

Pt w/ acute kidney failure becomes confused and irritable, what is this a cause of?

Back 65

Pt w/ acute kidney failure becomes confused and irritable, what is this a cause of?
- elevated BUN and creatinine

Front 66

What nursing interventions is most important in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure?

Back 66

What nursing interventions is most important in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure?
- limit fluid

Front 67

What is the main reason for hemodialysis, what does the pt have too much of?

Back 67

What is the main reason for hemodialysis, what does the pt have too much of?
- to get rid of the postassium
- pt has too much potassium (hyperkalemia)

Front 68

When receiving hemodialysis, the complication of the loss of too much sodium may occur, what are the side effects?

Back 68

When receiving hemodialysis, the complication of the loss of too much sodium may occur, what are the side effects?
- muscle cramps and confusion

Front 69

What is the most serious complication w/ an external shunt for hemodialysis?

Back 69

What is the most serious complication w/ an external shunt for hemodialysis?
- exsanguination (bleeding out)

Front 70

What type of technique do you use when caring for an AV shunt?

Back 70

What type of technique do you use when caring for an AV shunt?
- surgical technique (surgical asepsis)

Front 71

When assessing an AV shunt, what are you looking for?

Back 71

When assessing an AV shunt, what are you looking for?

- listening for bruit, palpating (feel) for a thrill

Front 72

What tasks should you avoid w/ a pt w/ an AV shunt?

Back 72

What tasks should you avoid w/ a pt w/ an AV shunt?
- BP
- injections
- inserting IV

Front 73

What should the normal color of dialysate be when a pt is on peritoneal dialysis?

Back 73

What should the normal color of dialysate be when a pt is on peritoneal dialysis?
- dialysate should be clear not cloudy

Front 74

Pt is on long term peritoneal dialysis, what signs would indicate to you that there is a problem with the dialysis?

Back 74

Pt is on long term peritoneal dialysis, what signs would indicate to you that there is a problem with the dialysis?
- serum potassium 3.9
- pt lost 2lbs
- pt is anuric
- ANSWER: cloudy dialysate

Front 75

What is the purpose for peritoneal dialysis?

Back 75

What is the purpose for peritoneal dialysis?
- to remove excess toxins and metabolic wastes

Front 76

Pt is undergoing countinuous ambulatory PD (CAPD), what is the greatest risk?

Back 76

Pt is undergoing countinuous ambulatory PD (CAPD), what is the greatest risk?
- infection

Front 77

The end result of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is to get rid of the impurities, if dialysis is working properly, potassium goes down to normal range, what happens to the creatinine level?

Back 77

The end result of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is to get rid of the impurities, if dialysis is working properly, potassium goes down to normal range, what happens to the creatinine level?
- creatinine decreases

Front 78

Pt was involoved in a motorcyle accident, in the ER pt is complaining of flank pain, what assessment do you do?

Back 78

Pt was involoved in a motorcyle accident, in the ER pt is complaining of flank pain, what assessment do you do?
- assess for bruising or pentrating wounds

Front 79

The main complication after a nephrostomy that you would ***** for is what?

Back 79

The main complication after a nephrostomy that you would ***** for is what?
- monitor for bleeding and infection at the operate site

Front 80

After a nephrectomy, pt comes back to the PACU unit, note that the urine output is 50mL are you concerned?

Back 80

After a nephrectomy, pt comes back to the PACU unit, note that the urine output is 50mL are you concerned?
- no
- chart the urine output

Front 81

Can a person who has hepatitis C donate his kidneys?

Back 81

Can a person who has hepatitis C donate his kidneys?
- NO

Front 82

If creatinine level was 3.1 what s/s would you have?

Back 82

If creatinine level was 3.1 what s/s would you have?
- decreased urine output

Front 83

Pt is has kidney transplant, what medications will they be on for life?

Back 83

Pt is has kidney transplant, what medications will they be on for life?
- Immunosuppressants
- corticosteroids

Front 84

What pre-op do you administer before a GI surgery?

Back 84

What pre-op do you administer before a GI surgery?
- clensing enema
- laxatives

Front 85

What is the major disadvantage of an illium conduit?

Back 85

What is the major disadvantage of an illium conduit?
- urine continuously drains
- monitor skin, stoma red, monitor I&O, clense stoma w/ sterile saline

Front 86

You are caring for a client with a kock's pouch what is the advantage over the illium conduit?

Back 86

You are caring for a client with a kock's pouch what is the advantage over the illium conduit?
- pt is not incontinent all the time, can use syringe to drain urine, teach pt how to empty pouch, and over time the pouch stretches reducing time to drain