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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenal Cortex
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Outer part of adrenal gland; secretes hormone aldosterone
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Afferent Arteriole
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Transports blood from branch of renal artery to glomerulus
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Alcohol
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Causes diuresis because it inhibits the secretion of ADH
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Aldosterone
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Adrenal cortex hormone; promotes reabsorption of sodium and therefore water
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Ammonia
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Buffers hydrogen ions in urine; produced by tubule cells by the deamination of amino acids
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ATP
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Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate; necessary for active transport of sodium, glucose, amino acids across cell membranes
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Blood Pressure
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Causes glomerular filtration process
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Bowman’s Capsule
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Cuplike nephron structure surrounding the glomerulus
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Capillary Fluid Exchange
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Exchange of fluids, gasses, nutrients and wastes between the blood and body tissues
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Collecting Duct
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Structure that collects urine from several nephrons; gives renal pyramids a striated appearance
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Constriction
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When the muscles in the wall of an arteriole contract, narrowing the diameter of the arteriole
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Cortex
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The outer layer of an internal organ, e.g. a kidney, an adrenal gland or the brain
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Deamination
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Removal of an amino group from an organic compound, e.g. an amino acid
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Dehydration
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Occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
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Part of nephron where tubular secretion occurs
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Efferent Arteriole
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Transports blood from glomerulus to peritubular network
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Filtrate
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Material that has passed through a filter
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Globulin
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Blood protein; contributes to osmolarity of blood (i.e. establishment of an osmotic gradient between blood & filtrate)
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Glomerulus
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Cluster of capillaries surrounded by glomerular capsule; where glomerular filtration takes place
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Glucose
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Monomer; end product of carbohydrate digestion; reabsorbed from PCT into peritubular blood capillaries
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Histamine
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Released by mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans; actively secreted into the DCT
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Homeostasis
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Maintenance of the internal environment (temperature, blood pressure, pH, etc.) within narrow limits
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Hypertonic
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Relatively higher concentration of solute, lower concentration of water
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Hypotonic
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Relatively lower concentration of solute, higher concentration of water
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
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Monitors blood pressure across renal corpuscle; secretes renin when blood pressure is too low
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Kidney
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Bean-shaped, reddish-brown organ; produces urine; excretes nitrogenous wastes, maintains water, salt and pH
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Loop Of Henle
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Part of nephron that makes a U-turn; extrudes salt, facilitating reabsorption of water
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Medulla
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Inner, central part of organs such as the kidneys, adrenal glands and the brain
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Metabolic Waste
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Substances left over from respiration; can’t be used, might be lethal (CO2, nitrogen compounds, etc.)
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Nephron
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Functional unit of the kidney; produces urine
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Nitrogenous Waste
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Animal wastes that contains materials high in nitrogen content, e.g. urea
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Osmotic Gradient
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Difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a semipermeable membrane
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Osmotic Pressure
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Pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane
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Penicillin
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Antibiotic derived from Penicillium sp. fungi; secreted from peritubular blood into filtrate at the DCT
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Peristalsis
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A radially symmetrical contraction of muscles which propagates in a wave down a muscular tube
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Peritubular Capillary Network
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Capillary bed surrounding the nephron
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Permeable
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Can be penetrated by a particular substance, is ……………………… to the substance
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pH
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Measure of the acidity or the basicity of a solution
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Posterior Pituitary
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Where ADH is released; lobe of the pea-sized endocrine gland off the bottom of the brain
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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Part of nephron where tubular reabsorption occurs
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Renal Arteries
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Blood vessels that supply the kidneys with oxygenated, unfiltered blood
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Renal Arterioles
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Smallest arteries in the kidneys
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Renal Cortex
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Outer granulated layer of the kidney
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Renal Medulla
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Inner striated layer of the kidney
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Renal Pelvis
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Central cavity in the kidney; collects urine from all the renal pyramids; continuous with ureter
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Renal Vein
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Blood vessel that transports deoxygenated, filtered blood from kidney to inferior vena cava
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Renin
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Enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular apparatus when blood pressure is too low for glomerular filtration
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Selective Reabsorption
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Occurs in PCT when only some substances are selected for reabsorption
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Toxic
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Poisonous
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Tubular Secretion
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Process that happens in the DCT; H+, creatinine, penicillin, histamine secreted into filtrate
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Tubule
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Small tube
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Urea
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An organic chemical compound (NH2)CO; the waste produced when the body metabolizes protein
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Ureter
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Urinary system tube; transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
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Urethra
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Urinary system tube; transports urine from urinary bladder through urethral orifice to outside the body
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Urinary Bladder
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Organ of the urinary system in which urine is stored before it is excreted
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Urination
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The act of excreting urine
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Urine
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Yellow to amber-coloured liquid secreted by the kidneys and excreted through the urethra and urethral orifice
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Water Reabsorption
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Passive transport (osmosis) of water from nephron into ECF of renal medulla
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Antidiuretic Hormone
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Released by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; promotes absorption of water, i.e. more concentrated urine
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