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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3. Which method of urine collection has the least potential for contamination with non-urinary elements.
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a. Cystocentesis
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4. What abnormal result on urinalysis is most readily attributable to technique of cystocentesis?
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a. RBCs in the sediment due to iatrogenic trauma
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1. What are the three components of a complete urinalysis?
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a. Physical properties, chemical properties, and urinary sediment
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9. What is the expected urine pH of a dog? Of a cow?
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a. K9 = 5.0-7.5; Bovine = 7.5-8.5
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10. How much glucose normally is present in the urine?
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a. None in K9 & Feline
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11. How much protein normally is present in the urine?
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a. K9 = small amounts of protein (trace 1+ or 10-30mn/dL)
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12. What does the occult blood reaction measure?
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a. Presence or absence of hemoglobin or myoglobin in urine
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13. A male cat has 1+ bilirubin in urine in 1.035 specific gravity. A male dog has 1+ bilirubin in urine 1.035 specific gravity. Which is more a clinical concern?
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a. The feline – bilirubin is not normally found in the urine of cats and its presence in feline urine is a sign of underlying disease
b. Small amounts of bilirubin in concentrated urine samples from dogs (esp males) is normal. |
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5. How many RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, or epithelial cells can be considered normal on urine sediment examination by light microscopy (cells/hpf)?
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Urine Sediment Cells Normal Cell Numbers (Cells/hpf)
Voided Catheterized Cystocentesis RBCs 0-8/hpf : 0-5/hpf : 0-3/hpf *up to 50/hpf is cysto was tramatic WBCs 0-8/hpf : 0-5/hpf : 0-3/hpf Bacteria 0 Epithelial Cells Squamous Transitional Renal common occasional 0 |
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6. What are casts and what is their significance if present in abnormally high numbers?
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a. Casts are cylindric molds of the renal tubules composed of aggregated protein and/or cells
b. Reflect activity in the kidney itself and thus are of localizing value |
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7. For each of the following types of casts, how many per low power field (10x) are considered normal:
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Type of Cast Normal amount per lpf
Hyaline 0-2 Granular 0-1 Waxy 0 Renal Epithelial 0 Red Cell 0 White Cell 0 |
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8. How can one account for the presence of granules in casts?
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a. Coarsely or Finely Granular casts represent the degeneration of cells in other casts or ppt of filtered plasma proteins
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14. What is the most common cause of abnormal numbers of RBCs in urine sediment? For WBCs?
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a. RBCs = neoplasia, inflammatory dz of urogenital tract including infections
b. WBCs = urinary tract inflammation, including UTI; genital tract contramination |
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2. Which method(s) of urine collection has the greatest potential for contamination with non-urinary elements?
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a. Midstream voided sample
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5. How many RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, or epithelial cells can be considered normal on urine sediment examination by light microscopy (cells/hpf)?
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Urine Sediment Cells Normal Cell Numbers (Cells/hpf)
Voided Catheterized Cystocentesis RBCs 0-8/hpf : 0-5/hpf : 0-3/hpf *up to 50/hpf is cysto was tramatic WBCs 0-8/hpf : 0-5/hpf : 0-3/hpf Bacteria 0 Epithelial Cells Squamous Transitional Renal common occasional 0 |
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15. What is the significance of finding struvite crystals in the urine of a cat? Of calcium carbonate in a horse? Of calcium oxalate in a dog?
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a. Struvite crystals in Fel urine = no significance
b. Calcium carbonate in Eq urine = no significance, common c. Calcium oxalate in K9 urine = no significance, common |
