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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of Kidneys |
- filter blood plasma, return most water and solutes to the blood stream - maintains chemical consistency of blood - regulation of: ionic composition, pH, volume, enzymatic/hormonal blood pressure, glucose level - production of hormones - excretion of wastes and foreign substances - secrete erythropoietin (RBC production) - contributes to calcium homeostasis - detoxifies free radicals and some drugs |
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Location of Kidneys |
- located retroperitoneally - lateral to T12-L3 - Right kidney is lower than left |
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Hilus (Hilum) of kidney |
- on concave surface - vessels and nerves enter and exit |
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Renal Medulla |
- consists of several renal pyramids - minor and major calyces - renal pelvis |
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Portal type system for filtration of blood |
- glomerulus - efferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries - vasa recta |
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Nephron |
Functional unit of a kidney - approximately 1,000,000 per kidney - clean blood and produce urine |
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Ureters |
- transports urine from the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladder - built from 2 layers of smooth muscle 1 - inner circular 2 - outer longitudinal |
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What pushes urine towards urinary bladder? |
peristaltic contractions of the muscular walls |
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ureters direction to urinary bladder |
- ureters curve medially and pass the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder |
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What prevents backflow of urine? |
physiological valve at the opening of each ureter into the urinary bladder |
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Urinary Bladder |
- hollow, distensible muscular organ |
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Urinary Bladder in Females |
- anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus - smaller than in males - uterus occupies the space just superior to the urinary bladder |
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Urinary Bladder in Males |
- directly anterior to the rectum |
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Internal Urethral Sphincter |
- involuntary smooth muscle |
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External Urethral Sphincter |
- voluntary inhibits urination - relaxes when one urinates |
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Micturition |
- discharge of urine from the urinary bladder - reflex |
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Urethra |
- small tube leading from the internal urethral orifice in the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body |
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Urethra in Females |
- 4 cm long |
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What does the urethra pass through in males? |
- the prostatic urethra passes through the prostate - the membranous (intermediate) urethra the deep perineal muscles - the spongy urethra pass through the penis, a distance of about 20 cm |
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How do the kidneys decrease BP? |
overhydrated = decreases BP by taking water out of blood to urine |
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How do the kidneys regulate pH? |
get rid of H+ = less acidic |
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Erythropoietin |
hormone that controls erythropoiesis - kidneys monitor O2 in blood, if low, stimulate erythropoiesis - EMO - Doping |
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Minor and Major Calyx |
- tubes that connect the pyramids to each other |
