Urinary System

Front 1

Urine formation aids in homeostasis by maintaining:

Back 1

1. normal composition 2. pH level 3. volume of blood 4. extracellular fluids

Front 2

behind the abdominal cavity, attached to the posterior abdominal wall

Back 2

Kidneys are retroperitoneal

Front 3

Kidney Gross Structure

Back 3

renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla renal pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Front 4

The renal artery enters at the ____ of the kidney.

Back 4

hilum

Front 5

Blood Supply to Kidney

Back 5

heart>renal artery>afferent arteriole>glomerulus(capillary)>efferent arteriole>peritubular capillaries & vasa recta>interlobular>arcuate>interlobar>segmental veins>renal vein

Front 6

List the three sections of the kidney:

Back 6

1. renal cortex 2. renal medulla 3. renal pelvis

Front 7

Nerve supply to kidney

Back 7

Vasomotor nerves from the SYMPATHETIC branch of the autonomic nervous system supply kidney blood vessels & help regulate renal blood pressure

Front 8

creatinine

Back 8

a waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 9

Nephron

Back 9

Functional unit of kidney. Consists of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and a renal tubule (PCT, Loop of Henley, DCT, collecting duct.

Front 10

The renal ____ contains the renal corpuscles and convuluted tubules.

Back 10

cortex

Front 11

Cortical Nephron

Back 11

has glomerulus in outer third of cortex & short loop that dips only into outer region of medula

Front 12

The renal ____ contains the loop of Henle and collecting tubules.

Back 12

medulla

Front 13

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 13

a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells

Front 14

Juxtamedullary nephron

Back 14

glomerulus deep in the cortex near the medulla and a long loop of Henle that stretches through the medulla

Front 15

The renal medulla is composed of renal ____.

Back 15

pyramids

Front 16

filtration

Back 16

passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material. blood pressure forces materials through the filter. about 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98 to 99 percent of the water and salts. only about 1.5 quarts (1500mL) of urine are excreted daily

Front 17

The upper portion of each renal pyramid tapers to form renal ____.

Back 17

papillae

Front 18

Macula Densa

Back 18

Detects changes in BP and secretes Renin when BP falls

Front 19

The renal pelvis indicates where the ureter enters the kidney and the pelvis expands into funnel-shaped structures called ____.

Back 19

calyces

Front 20

hilum

Back 20

depression or pit in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 21

The ____ surround the papillae of the renal pyramids.

Back 21

calyces

Front 22

Glomular Filtration Rate

Back 22

180 L per day 125 ml/min

Front 23

The ____ serve as the collection point of urine.

Back 23

calyces

Front 24

The nephron is composed of two parts, the renal ____ and renal ____.

Back 24

corpuscle tubule

Front 25

The renal corpuscle consists of the ____ and ____ ____.

Back 25

glomerulus Bowman's capsule

Front 26

The ____ is a network of capillary vessels that are a division of the afferent arteriole and effert arteriole.

Back 26

glomerulus

Front 27

Tubular Reabsorption

Back 27

reclaims materials from tubular fluid and returns the to the bloodstream. (water, GLUCOSE, amino acids, Na+,K, and HCO3

Front 28

____ capsule is a double-layered cup that is an extension of the end of a renal tubule and it surrounds the glomerulus.

Back 28

Bowman's

Front 29

Tubular Secretion

Back 29

substances not needed by the body are removed from the blood & discharged into the urine (K, H, NH4, urea, creatine, drugs)

Front 30

____ capsule consists of two layers with a space between and podocytes that branch to the ____.

Back 30

Bowman's glomerulus

Front 31

Absence of ADH

Back 31

Kidneys produce dilute urine; Renal tubules absorb more solutes than water.

Front 32

What are the three subdivisions of the renal tubule?

Back 32

1. the proximal convuluted tubule 2. the loop of Henle 3. the distal convuluted tubule

Front 33

Presence of ADH

Back 33

kidneys secrete concentrated urine, b/c lg amounts of water are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid into interstitial fluid

Front 34

reabsorption

Back 34

in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Front 35

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what?

Back 35

juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa

Front 36

Branches from the renal arteries called the ____ branches supply the ureter.

Back 36

ureteric

Front 37

____ ____ involves plasma, waste products, and small protein particles forced from the glomeruli by blood pressure and into Bowman's capsule to form renal filtrate.

Back 37

Glomerular filtration

Front 38

What are the three hormones that influence the absorption of water?

Back 38

1. aldosterone 2. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 3. antidiuretic hormone

Front 39

____ stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions, which causes water to be reabsorbed from the renal filtrate back to the circulating blood.

Back 39

Aldosterone

Front 40

What causes prod'n of Angiotensin II

Back 40

Low blood volume or low BP stimulates RENIN-INDUCED prod of Angiotensin II, which will then increase bl volume or BP

Front 41

____ is released to decrease the reabsorption of sodium ions from the renal filtrate into the circulating blood.

Back 41

ANP

Front 42

sodium (Na+)

Back 42

a salt (electrolyte) regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys

Front 43

What causes increased Aldosterone?

Back 43

increased angiotensin II level and increased. level of K+ promote release of aldosterone by adrenal cortex, which will in turn increase BP

Front 44

____ is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland when water level in the body is low.

Back 44

ADH

Front 45

trigone

Back 45

triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits

Front 46

The ____ allow urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder.

Back 46

ureters

Front 47

What causes secretion of Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 47

Stretching of atria of heart stimulates ANP secretion, which 1. Incr excretion of Na+ in urine; 2. incr uring output and thus decr bl volume that decr BP.

Front 48

____ contractions of the smooth muscle push the urine downward to the bladder.

Back 48

Peristaltic

Front 49

____ refers to the act of urinating.

Back 49

Micturition

Front 50

Blood vessels that are part of the urinary system.

Back 50

efferent arteriole

Front 51

A group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems.

Back 51

afferent arteriole

Front 52

The presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood.

Back 52

hypocalcemia

Front 53

A potentially fatal condition in which the body fails to retain sufficient potassium to maintain health

Back 53

hypokalemia

Front 54

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure, when kidney function is compromised and urea, a waste product normally excreted in the urine, is retained in the blood.

Back 54

uremia

Front 55

The production of urine by the kidney.

Back 55

diuresis

Front 56

A method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are incapable of this.

Back 56

dialysis

Front 57

diabetes insipidus

Back 57

inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 58

diabetes mellitus

Back 58

inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin.

Front 59

The ____ allow urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder.

Back 59

ureters

Front 60

What causes secretion of Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 60

Stretching of atria of heart stimulates ANP secretion, which 1. Incr excretion of Na+ in urine; 2. incr uring output and thus decr bl volume that decr BP.

Front 61

____ contractions of the smooth muscle push the urine downward to the bladder.

Back 61

Peristaltic

Front 62

____ refers to the act of urinating.

Back 62

Micturition

Front 63

Blood vessels that are part of the urinary system.

Back 63

efferent arteriole

Front 64

A group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems.

Back 64

afferent arteriole

Front 65

The presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood.

Back 65

hypocalcemia

Front 66

A potentially fatal condition in which the body fails to retain sufficient potassium to maintain health

Back 66

hypokalemia

Front 67

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure, when kidney function is compromised and urea, a waste product normally excreted in the urine, is retained in the blood.

Back 67

uremia

Front 68

The production of urine by the kidney.

Back 68

diuresis

Front 69

A method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are incapable of this.

Back 69

dialysis

Front 70

diabetes insipidus

Back 70

inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 71

diabetes mellitus

Back 71

inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin.

Front 72

Name Four Functions of the Urinary System

Back 72

Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
Regulate plasma concentration
Help to stabilize blood pH
Conserve valuable nutrients

Front 73

Filtration

Back 73

Blood pressure forces water across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle.
-Solute molecules small enough to pass through membrane are carried into the filtrate by the surrounding water molecules.