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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false. A bolus injection is a rapid introduction of the contrast agent into the vesicouretal system.
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False, introduced into the vascular system.
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When the body is rotated 30 degrees for an oblique (RPO/LPO) the lower kidney is ___________________to the image receptor.
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Perpendicular
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When the body is rotated 30 degrees for an oblique (RPO/LPO) the upper kidney is ___________________to the image receptor.
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Parallel
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True or false. Once injected, ionic iodinated contrast increases the concentration of iodine in the blood, disrupting homeostasis.
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True
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What is the name of the opening on the medial border of each kidney?
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Hilum
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True or false. With non-ionic iodinated contrast media, there is no ionization, therefore no increase of iodine in the blood.
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True
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In the glomerulus, the capillaries turn back and, as they ascend, unite to form a single vessel leaving the capsule. This vessel is called the:
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Efferent arteriole
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True or false. Each kidney has a concave medial border and a convex lateral border.
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True
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True or false. Each adrenal gland is composed of an internal cortical portion and an external medullary portion.
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False, other way around
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What renal structure filters blood?
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Glomerulus
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The rate of bolus injection is controlled by:
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-Gauge of needle
-Amount of contrast being injected -Viscosity of contrast agent -Stability of vein -Force applied |
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True or false. When preparing contrast for injection with an already opened vial of contrast, you should clean the top of the vial with alcohol.
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True
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For excretory urography, what should the patient do prior to starting the exam?
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Empty bladder
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Which renal structures are NOT demonstrated during retrograde urography?
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Nephrons
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Which bladder structure is adjacent to the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis?
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Apex
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What is the lowest, most fixed portion of the bladder?
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Neck
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The glomerulus is formed by a minute branch of the renal artery entering the capsule and dividing into capillaries. This vessel is called the:
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Afferent arteriole
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How many degrees should the patient be rotated for posterior (AP) oblique positions during excretory urography?
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30 degrees
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True or false. The left kidney is usually shorter and wider than the right kidney.
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False
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True or false. Hydronephrosis, a contraindication for excretory urography, is the distention of the renal pelvis and calyces.
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True
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True or false. Each renal tubule consists of a proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop and a medial convoluted tubule.
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False
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At which vertebral level is the superior border of the kidneys usually found?
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T12
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True or false. The urethra serves as a reservoir for storage of urine.
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False
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Each ureter consists of three constrictions from exiting the kidney to excretion. These are the _________, respectively.
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1. Uretropelvic junction
2. Brim of the pelvis 3. Uretrovesical junction |
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What quadrant does the liver occupy?
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RUQ
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True or false. The gallbladder is posterior to the mid coronal plane.
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False
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The gallbladder is located in the _________ margin of the liver.
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Anterior inferior
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Which chemical process leads to concentration of bile within the bladder?
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Hydrolysis
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True or false. The quadrate love is on the inferior surface of the liver.
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True
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Which general body position will encourage drainage of bile/contrast media from the gallbladder?
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Supine
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What is the primary function of the liver?
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Production of bile
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The pancreatic duct is also called the ______.
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Duct of Wirsung
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What is the primary function of bile?
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Breakdown or emulsify fats
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Which duct is formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts?
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Common hepatic duct
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True or false. The caudate lobe is posterior to the quadrate lobe.
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True
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Which hormone leads to contraction of the gallbladder to release bile?
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CCK (cholecystokinin)
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Which duct carries bile from the cystic duct to the duodenum?
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Common bile duct
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The protrusion into the duodenum is called the _________ (list both names).
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Duodenal papilla and papilla of Vaterf
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What is the spiral valve?
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A series of mucosal folds in the cystic duct.
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What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
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(Ampulla of Vater) Enlarged chamber in the distal aspect of the common bile duct
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What is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography used for?
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Visualize the biliary tree and pancreatic ducts, detect & remove stones, repair a stenosis
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What is the average capacity of the gallbladder?
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30-40cc
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What is the name of the duct connected directly to the gallbladder?
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Cystic duct
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What are the primary functions of the gallbladder?
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Storage of bile, concentrates bile as a result of hydrolysis, contracts when fatty acids or fats are in the duodenum
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What is the name of the soft tissue structure that divides the lobes of the liver?
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Falciform ligament
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What does cysto- mean?
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Denotes sac or bladder
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What does chole- mean?
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Denotes bile
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What is a cholecystocholangiogram?
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Radiographic study of the gallbladder and biliary ducts
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What is a cholecystogram?
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Study of the gallbladder
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What is a cholangiogram?
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Study of the biliary ducts
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What is cholecystopaque?
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Oral contrast media for visualizing the gallbladder
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What is cholecystitis?
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Inflammation of the gallbladder
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What is a cholecystectomy?
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Surgical excision of the gallbladder
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What is cholelithiasis?
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Condition of having gallstones
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