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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hilum |
-point of entry for renal artery and renal nerves |
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Renal Sinus |
-internal cavity within kidney -lined by fibrous renal capsule |
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renal cortex |
-superficial portion of kidney in contact with renal capsule
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Renal pyramids
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6-18 distinct structures in renal medulla |
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renal lobe consists of.... |
-overlaying area of renal cortex -adjacent tissues of renal column |
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renal papilla
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-ducts at apex of renal pyramid that discharge urine into minor calyx |
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major calyx |
-formed by the merging of 4 or 5 minor calyx |
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renal pelvis |
-consists of 2 or 3 major calyces |
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sympathetic innervation |
-adjust the rate of urine formation by changing blood flow and blood pressure at nephron -stimulates release of renin |
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blood supply to kidneys
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-20-25% of total cardiac output -1200 mL of blood flows through each minute |
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Nephron
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-consist of renal tubule and renal corpuscle -proximal convoluted tubule -distal convoluted tubule |
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proximal convoluted tubule
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reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
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distal convoluted tubule
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-variable reabsorbtion of water, sodium ions, and calcium ions |
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Glomerulus |
-consists of 50 intertwining capillaries -blood delivered via afferent arteriole -blood leaves via efferent arteriole |
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Filtration |
-forces water and dissolved solutes out of glomerular capillaries into capsular space |
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3 functions of renal tubule |
2.reabsorbs more than 90% of water 3.secrete waste products |
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Collecting system |
each nephron empties into a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from nephron |
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Collecting ducts |
-begins in cortex, descends into medulla, carried fluid to papillary duct |
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Cortical nephrons |
-85% of all nephrons -perform most reabsorbtive and secretory functions of the kidneys |
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juxtamedullary nephrons |
-15% of nephrons -produce the most concentrated urine |
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Filtration membrane consists of....
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-dense layer -filtration slits |
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filtration slits |
-material passing out of glomerulus must be small enough to pass through slits |
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Nephron Loop |
-Descending limb-fluid flows downward toward pelvis -ascending limb - fluid flows up towards renal cortex` |
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3 processes of distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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2. selective reabsorption of sodium and calcium ions from tubular fluid 3.selective reabsorption of water |
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3 organic waste products |
2.creatinine 3.uric acid |
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Glomerular Filtration rate |
-averages 125 ml/sec |
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Renin
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-converts angiotensinogen to angiotensinogen I -angiotensinogen I in converted to II by angiotenison converting enzyme |
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natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP)
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-decreases blood pressure by increasing secretion of Na+ |
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3 stimuli that cause the release of renin
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1.decline in BP at glomerulus due to increase in blood volume, fall in systemic pressures, or blockages 2.stimulation of juxtaglomerular cells by spmpathic innervation 3.decline in osmotic concentration of tubular fluid |
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Aldosterone
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-accelerates sodium reabsorption in DCT -this increases sodium reabsorption increases osmotic pressure |
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Natriuretic Peptides |
-BNP - ventricular released by the heart in response to stretching walls due to increased pressure |
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5 functions of PCT |
2.active reabsorption of ions 3.reabsoption of water 4.passive reabsorption of ions 5.Secretion |
