Urinary System

Front 1

1. Which statement is correct about the renal calices?
:r1 minor renal calices (calices renales minores) surround the renal papillae
:r2 there are usually 2 - 3 minor renal calices (calices renales minores) in a kidney
:r3 renal pelvis is a continuation of minor renal calices (calices renales minores)
:r4 there are usually 20 - 30 minor renal calices (calices renales minores) in a kidney
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 1

:r1 minor renal calices (calices renales minores) surround the renal papillae

Front 2

2. Which statement is correct about the kidney?
:r1 there are usually 10 - 20 major renal calices (calices renales majores) in a kidney
:r2 number of major renal calices (calices renales majores) is equal to number of pyramids
:r3 renal hilum is at the level of vertebrae L1 or L2
:r4 left kidney is located lower than the right one
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 2

:r3 renal hilum is at the level of vertebrae L1 or L2

Front 3

3. Which statement is incorrect about the urinary tract?
:r1 minor renal calices (calices renales minores) surround the renal papillae
:r2 there are usually 3 to 4 major renal calices (calices renales majores) in a kidney
:r3 capacity of the renal pelvis is about 10-15 ccm
:r4 X-ray image of the urinary tract is called urography
:r5 renal pelvis is located within the adipose capsule of the kidney

Back 3

:r3 capacity of the renal pelvis is about 10-15 ccm

Front 4

4. Which statement is correct about the urinary tract?
:r1 renal pelvis is located outside the adipose capsule and fasciae of the kidney
:r2 renal pelvis is located within the adipose capsule and fasciae of the kidney
:r3 renal pelvis is located intraperitoneally
:r4 renal pelvis is a continuation of the minor renal calices (calices renales minores)
:r5 number of major renal calices (calices renales majores) is equal to number of pyramids

Back 4

:r2 renal pelvis is located within the adipose capsule and fasciae of the kidney

Front 5

5. Ureter has the following constrictions:
:r1 at its beginning from the renal pelvis; at the crossing with the deferent duct; where it
passes through the wall of the urinary bladder
:r2 at its beginning from the renal pelvis; at the crossing with the iliac vessels; where it passes
through the wall of the urinary bladder
:r3 at its beginning from the urinary bladder; where it passes through the pelvic floor; at its
orifice at the surface of the body
:r4 at its beginning from the major renal calices; at the crossing with the psoas major; where
it passes through the wall of the urinary bladder
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 5

:r2 at its beginning from the renal pelvis; at the crossing with the iliac vessels; where it passes
through the wall of the urinary bladder

Front 6

6. Which statement is correct about the ureter?
:r1 its length in the adult man is about 15 cm
:r2 ureter connects the major renal calices (calices renales majores) with the urinarry bladder
:r3 ureter is located intraperitoneally
:r4 it is of the same diameter along its entire length
:r5 its end is called ureteric orifice (ostium ureteris)

Back 6

:r5 its end is called ureteric orifice (ostium ureteris)

Front 7

7. Which statement is incorrect about the ureter?
:r1 its end is called urethral orifice (ostium urethrae)
:r2 it has a constriction area where it crosses the testicular vessels
:r3 it produces the ureteric fold (plica ureterica) in the pelvis
:r4 it is a muscular tube
:r5 length of the ureter of the adult individual is about 25 – 35 cm

Back 7

:r1 its end is called urethral orifice (ostium urethrae)

Front 8

8. Which statement is correct about the ureter?
:r1 its average length is about 30 cm
:r2 male ureter crosses the deferent duct (ductus deferens)
:r3 it is located retroperitoneally
:r4 male ureter crosses testicular vessels
:r5 all statements are correct

Back 8

:r5 all statements are correct

Front 9

9. Empty urinary bladder is located:
:r1 intraperitoneally
:r2 preperitoneally
:r3 retroperitoneally
:r4 subperitoneally (infraperitoneally)
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 9

:r4 subperitoneally (infraperitoneally)

Front 10

10. Which statement is correct about the urinary bladder?
:r1 parts of the urinary bladder are: fundus, corpus, collum et apex
:r2 it is located intraperitoneally
:r3 the lateral umbilical ligament (ligamentum umbilicale laterale) connects the urinary
bladder to the navel
:r4 trigonum vesicae se is within the range of the body of the urinary bladder (corpus vesicae)
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 10

:r1 parts of the urinary bladder are: fundus, corpus, collum et apex

Front 11

11. Which statement is correct about the urinary bladder?
:r1 rectovesical pouch separates the male urinary bladder from the rectum
:r2 urinary bladder is located in the greater pelvis
:r3 fundus vesicae is directed cranially towards coils of the small intestine
:r4 female urinary bladder is located between the uterus and rectum
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 11

:r1 rectovesical pouch separates the male urinary bladder from the rectum

Front 12

12. Which statement is correct about the urinary bladder?
:r1 fundus vesicae is directer anterosuperiorly
:r2 cervix vesicae is an area of the urinary bladder where both ureters are attached
:r3 full urinary bladder does not reach above the superior border of the pubic symphysis
:r4 apex vesicae directs ventrocranially
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 12

:r4 apex vesicae directs ventrocranially

Front 13

13. Which of following structures is not a part of the urinary bladder?
:r1 anulus urethralis
:r2 ostium urethrae internum
:r3 trigonum vesicae
:r4 plica vesicalis
:r5 all mentioned structures are components of the urinary bladder

Back 13

:r4 plica vesicalis

Front 14

14. Which of following structures is not a part of the urinary bladder?
:r1 plica urethralis
:r2 ostium urethrae internum
:r3 trigonum vesicae
:r4 plica ureterica
:r5 all mentioned structures are components of the urinary bladder

Back 14

:r5 all mentioned structures are components of the urinary bladder

Front 15

15. Which of following structures is not a part of the urinary bladder?
:r1 musculus sphincter vesicae
:r2 ostium urethrae internum
:r3 trigonum vesicae
:r4 plica interureterica
:r5 all mentioned structures are components of the urinary bladder

Back 15

:r5 all mentioned structures are components of the urinary bladder

Front 16

16. Mean maximum capacity of the urinary bladder is:
:r1 150 ml
:r2 300 ml
:r3 750 ml
:r4 1500 ml
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 16

:r3 750 ml

Front 17

17. Choose incorrect statement pertaining the urinary bladder:
:r1 apeces of the trigonum vesicae are formed by the internal urethral orifice and two ureteric
orifices
:r2 musculus sphincter vesicae is a non-striated muscle
:r3 musculus sphincter urethrae is a striated muscle
:r4 mucosa of the bladder forms reserve folds
:r5 mucosa is covered by the columnar ciliated epithelium

Back 17

:r5 mucosa is covered by the columnar ciliated epithelium

Front 18

18. Choose incorrect statement pertaining the urinary bladder:
:r1 there are reserve folds within the entire empty urinary bladder
:r2 musculus sphincter urethrae is a striated muscle
:r3 venous plexus (anulus urethralis) surrounds the internal urethral orifice (ostium urethrae
internum)
:r4 uvula vesicae protrudes behind the ostium urethrae internum
:r5 mucosal folds are irregularly arranged

Back 18

:r1 there are reserve folds within the entire empty urinary bladder

Front 19

19. Choose incorrect statement pertaining the urinary bladder:
:r1 the whole outer surface of the urinary bladder is covered by adventicia
:r2 adventicia forms the dense fascia vesicae at the surface of the urinary bladder
:r3 adventicia of the urinary bladder continues to the lateral paracystium
:r4 urinary bladder is located infraperitoneally
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 19

:r1 the whole outer surface of the urinary bladder is covered by adventicia

Front 20

20. Choose correct statement pertaining the urinary bladder muscle:
:r1 the outer muscular layer forms so called ureteric sheath at the surface of ureters
:r2 the wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the striated musculature
:r3 the musculature of the urinary bladder is formed by two completely separated muscular
layers
:r4 the inner layer of the musculature is longitudinally arranged
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 20

:r1 the outer muscular layer forms so called ureteric sheath at the surface of ureters

Front 21

21. Choose correct statement pertaining the trigonum vesicae:
:r1 its apeces are: the external urethral orifice and both ureteric orifices
:r2 its apeces are: the internal urethral orifice and both ureteric orifices
:r3 its apeces are: the ureteric orifice and both internal urethral orifices
:r4 its apeces are: the ureteric orifice and both external urethral orifices
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 21

:r2 its apeces are: the internal urethral orifice and both ureteric orifices

Front 22

22. Choose correct statement pertaining the trigonum vesicae:
:r1 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by the course of the urethra
:r2 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by the course of ureters
:r3 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by the venous plexus
:r4 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by a muscle
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 22

:r4 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by a muscle

Front 23

23. Choose correct statement pertaining the trigonum vesicae:
:r1 the mucosa of the trigonum forms numerous folds
:r2 there is the retrotrigonal fossa dorsal to the trigonum vesicae
:r3 the submucosa surrounding the ureteric orifices contains venous plexusses
:r4 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by the course of ureters
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 23

:r2 there is the retrotrigonal fossa dorsal to the trigonum vesicae

Front 24

24. Choose correct statement pertaining the trigonum vesicae:
:r1 its apeces are: the external urethral orifice and both ureteric orifices
:r2 there is a thick layer of submucosa in the trigonum vesicae
:r3 trigonum vesicae has no reserved folds
:r4 interureteric fold (plica interureterica) is produced by the course of the urethra
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 24

:r3 trigonum vesicae has no reserved folds

Front 25

25. Which of following muscles is formed by the striated musculature?
:r1 musculus sphincter vesicae
:r2 musculus sphincter urethrae
:r3 musculus ureteralis
:r4 musculus trigonalis
:r5 all mentioned muscles are formed by the striated musculature

Back 25

:r2 musculus sphincter urethrae

Front 26

26. Which of following statements is correct?
:r1 fundus vesicae is directed cranially towards the navel
:r2 mean capacity of the male urinary bladder is as twice greater as that in female
:r3 Lanz point is located at the transpyloric line between the lateral and medial thirds
:r4 cervix vesicae is located between the apex and body of the urinary bladder
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 26

:r5 no statement is correct

Front 27

27. Which of following statements is correct?
:r1 maximum capacity of the urinary bladder is usually 250 mL
:r2 right kidney is located a half of vertebra lower than the left one
:r3 hepatorenal ligament, which borders the epiploic foramen, directs towards the left kidney
:r4 left kidney and suprarenal gland produce impressions at the diaphragmatic surface of the
liver
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 27

:r2 right kidney is located a half of vertebra lower than the left one

Front 28

28. Which of following statements is incorrect?
:r1 trigonum vesicae is a triangle with internal urethral orifice (ostium urethrae internum) and
both ureteral orifices as its apeces
:r2 musculus sphincter vesicae is formed by the non-striated musculature
:r3 musculus sphincter urethrae is from the striated musculature
:r4 mucosa of the ureter forms longitudinal folds
:r5 trigonum vesicae forms part of the anterior wall of the urinary bladder

Back 28

:r5 trigonum vesicae forms part of the anterior wall of the urinary bladder

Front 29

29. Which of following statements is incorrect?
:r1 mucosa of the urinary bladder is covered by the multilayered transitional epithelium
:r2 musculus sphincter urethrae is formed by non-striated musculature
:r3 anulus urethralis surrounds the internal urethral orifice (ostium urethrae internum)
:r4 uvula vesicae is a prominence at the posterior border of the internal urethral orifice
(ostium urethrae internum)
:r5 cervix vesicae is a part of the urinary bladder around the internal urethral orifice (ostium
urethrae internum)

Back 29

:r2 musculus sphincter urethrae is formed by non-striated musculature

Front 30

30. What are layers of the wall of the urinary bladder?
:r1 mucosa without folds, submucosa, 3 muscular layers, adventicia and serous membrane
:r2 mucosa with irregularly arranged folds, submucosa, 2 muscular layers, adventicia and
serous membrane
:r3 mucosa without folds, submucosa, 2 muscular layers, adventicia
:r4 mucosa with folds, submucosa, 3 muscular layers, serous membrane
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 30

:r5 no statement is correct

Front 31

31. Which of following sites of the male urethra are not constricted?
:r1 at its beginnich in the urinary bladder (pars intramuralis)
:r2 at its end in the external urethral orifice
:r3 at its passage through the muscular pelvic floor
:r4 in the urethral ampulla
:r5 all mentioned sites are constricted

Back 31

:r4 in the urethral ampulla

Front 32

32. Which of following structures are not located in the prostatic part of the urethra?
:r1 colliculus seminalis
:r2 utriculus prostaticus
:r3 openings of ejaculatory ducts
:r4 crista urethralis
:r5 all mentioned structures are located in the prostatic part of the urethra

Back 32

:r5 all mentioned structures are located in the prostatic part of the urethra

Front 33

33. Which of following statements about the female urethra is incorrect?
:r1 it passes through the hiatus urogenitalis
:r2 it passes through the diaphragma urogenitale
:r3 it produces a crest (crista urethralis) in the anterior wall of the vagina
:r4 it opens as the external urethral orifice (ostium urethrae externum) at the glans clitoridis
:r5 it is about 4-6 cm long

Back 33

:r4 it opens as the external urethral orifice (ostium urethrae externum) at the glans clitoridis

Front 34

34. Which of following statements about the female urethra is correct?
:r1 it starts in the urinary bladder as the internal ureteral orifice (ostium ureterum internum)
:r2 it is located behind the vagina
:r3 it opens as the external urethral orifice (ostium urethrae externum) at the glans clitoridis
:r4 it passes through the levator ani muscle
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 34

:r5 no statement is correct

Front 35

35. Which of following statements about the female urethra is correct?
:r1 it is located posterior to the vagina and anterior to the rectum
:r2 it is located between the vagina and rectum
:r3 it is located posterior to the rectum
:r4 it is located anterior to the pubic symphysis
:r5 no statement is correct

Back 35

:r5 no statement is correct

Front 36

36. Which of following statements about the female urethra is incorrect?
:r1 its mucosa forms longitudinal folds
:r2 its external opening is called ostium urethrae externum
:r3 its internal opening is called ostium urethrae internum
:r4 it opens on the papilla urethralis
:r5 it it 7-10 cm long

Back 36

:r5 it it 7-10 cm long

Front 37

37. Which of following muscles is formed by the striated musculature?
:r1 musculus detrusor vesicae
:r2 musculus sphincter vesicae
:r3 musculus sphincter urethrae
:r4 musculus trigonalis
:r5 all mentioned muscles are from non-striated musculature

Back 37

:r3 musculus sphincter urethrae

Front 38

38. Which of following X-ray methods do not examine the urinary tract?
:r1 ascending pyelography
:r2 vesicography
:r3 descending urography
:r4 cystography
:r5 all mentioned methods examine the urinary tract

Back 38

:r2 vesicography

Front 39

39. Which of following statements pertaining the suprarenal gland is incorrect?
:r1 it is related to the superior pole of the kidney
:r2 it has three surfaces: facies medialis, lateralis et inferior
:r3 hilum of the gland is on the anterior surface
:r4 it is located retroperitoneally
:r5 the right gland is triangular in shape

Back 39

:r2 it has three surfaces: facies medialis, lateralis et inferior

Front 40

40. Which of following statements pertaining the suprarenal gland is incorrect?
:r1 medulla secretes hormones
:r2 cortex is less extensive than medulla
:r3 it is surrounded by the adipose capsule of the kidney
:r4 it is located retroperitoneally
:r5 the left gland is semilunar in shape

Back 40

:r2 cortex is less extensive than medulla

Front 41

41. Which of following statements pertaining the suprarenal gland is correct?
:r1 it is related to the lateral margin of the kidney
:r2 it has three surfaces: facies anterior, posterior et inferior (renalis)
:r3 medulla does not secrete hormones
:r4 it is located intraperitoneally
:r5 all mentioned statements are correct

Back 41

:r2 it has three surfaces: facies anterior, posterior et inferior (renalis)

Front 42

42. What is the right sequence of the urinary tract components in craniocaudal direction:
:r1 Major renal calices, minor renal calices, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
:r2 Renal pelvis, minor renal calices, major renal calices, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
:r3 Renal pelvis, minor renal calices,major renal calices, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter.
:r4 Minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
:r5 No statement is correct.

Back 42

:r4 Minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.

Front 43

43. Kidneys have:
:r1 Anterior and posterior poles
:r2 Medial and lateral surfaces; anterior and posterior margins
:r3 Anterior and posterior surfaces; medial and lateral margins
:r4 Superior and inferior surfaces; anterior and posterior margins
:r5 No statement is correct.

Back 43

:r3 Anterior and posterior surfaces; medial and lateral margins

Front 44

44. Mark the correct statement about kidneys:
:r1 Anterior surface is flatter than the posterior one.
:r2 Anterior surface is more convex than the posterior one.
:r3 Axes of both kidneys converge inferiorly
:r4 Fibrous capsule is firmly attached to the whole surface of kidney.
:r5 No statement is correct.

Back 44

:r2 Anterior surface is more convex than the posterior one.

Front 45

45. Mark the correct statement about kidneys:
:r1 Posterior surface is flatter than the anterior one
:r2 Posterior surface is more convex than the anterior one.
:r3 Kidneys are surrounded by pararenal adipose body (corpus adiposum pararenale) within
the renal fascia.
:r4 Layers of renal fascia fuse medially and inferiorly.
:r5 No statement is correct.

Back 45

:r1 Posterior surface is flatter than the anterior one

Front 46

46. Mark the correct statement:
:r1 Anterior surface of the kidney is flatter than the posterior one.
:r2 Renal hilum is situated in the anterior margin of the kidney.
:r3 Vessels enter kidney through the cribriform area.
:r4 Renal hilum is located at the level of L4 vertebra.
:r5 No statement is correct.

Back 46

:r5 No statement is correct.