Urinary System

Front 1

Bowman's capsule

Back 1

the cup - shaped beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus

Front 2

Calyx

Back 2

cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis

Front 3

Catheterization

Back 3

passage of a flexible tube (catheter) into the bladder through the urethra for the withdrawal of urine

Front 4

Collecting tubule

Back 4

straight part of a renal tubule formed by the distal tubules of several nephrons joining together

Front 5

Cortex

Back 5

outer part of an internal organ: for exmaple, the outer part of the cerebrum and of the kidneys

Front 6

Cortical nephrons

Back 6

miscroscopic unit of the kidney that makes up 85% of all nephron units in the kidney; is located almost entirely in the renal cortex

Front 7

Distal Convoluted tubule

Back 7

the part of the tubule distal to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney

Front 8

Emptying reflex

Back 8

the reflex that causes the contraction of the bladder wall and relaxation of internal sphincter to allow urine to enter the urethra

Front 9

Glomerular Filtrate

Back 9

filters out water and solutes (for example Na+, and other ions, glucose and other nutrients filtering out of glomeruli into bowman's capsule

Front 10

Glomerulus

Back 10

compact, cluster, for example, capillaries in the kidneys

Front 11

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Back 11

complex of cells in nephron near the glomerulus and adjacent to the distal tubule and afferent arteriole, secretes renin

Front 12

Loop of Henle

Back 12

extension of the proximal tubule of the kidney

Front 13

Medulla

Back 13

the inner portion of an organ in contrast to the outer portion or cortex

Front 14

Micturition

Back 14

urination, voiding

Front 15

Proximal convoluted tubule

Back 15

the first segment of a renal tubule

Front 16

Nephron unit

Back 16

anatomical and functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the renal corpuscle

Front 17

Papilla

Back 17

small, nipple shaped diameter

Front 18

Pyramid

Back 18

triangular shaped divisions of the medulla of the kidney

Front 19

Renal Columns

Back 19

Extensions of corticol tissue that dip down into the medulla of the kidney between renal pyramids

Front 20

Renal Corpuscle

Back 20

the part of the nephron located in the cortex of the kidney

Front 21

Renal Pelvis

Back 21

basin-like upper end of the ureter that is located inside the kidney

Front 22

Renal tubule

Back 22

one of the two principal parts of the nephron

Front 23

Retroperitoneal

Back 23

area outside the periotoneum

Front 24

Secretion

Back 24

in kidney function refers to the active movement of substances such as electrolytes, waste products or drugs through kidney tubule cells into the urine

Front 25

Sphicter

Back 25

ring shaped muscle

Front 26

Trigone

Back 26

triangular area on the wall of the urinary bladder

Front 27

Urinary Meatus

Back 27

external opening of the meatus

Front 28

Urination

Back 28

passage of urine from the body, emptying of the bladder

Front 29

voiding

Back 29

emptying of the bladder

Front 30

Adult polycystic kidney disease

Back 30

hereditary condition characterized by development of multiple cystic spaces in one or both kidneys which often fill with clear fluid or blood

Front 31

Anuria

Back 31

Absence of Urine

Front 32

Catherization

Back 32

passage of flexible tube (catheter) into the bladder through the urethra for the withdrawal of urine

Front 33

Continuous ambulatory pertoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Back 33

an alternative form of treatment for renal failure that may be used instead of the more complex and expensive hemodialysis

Front 34

Cystitis

Back 34

inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder

Front 35

Cystoscope

Back 35

hollow instrument inserted through the urethra into the bladder that permits the passage of a light source and surgical instruments to be used for direct examination

Front 36

Dysuria

Back 36

difficulty, painful, burning urinating

Front 37

Enuresis

Back 37

involuntary urination

Front 38

Glomerulonephritis

Back 38

inflammatory disease of the glomerular-capsular membranes of the kidney

Front 39

Hematuria

Back 39

symptom of blood in the urine

Front 40

Hemodialysis

Back 40

use of dialysis to seperate waste products form the blood

Front 41

Hydronephrosis

Back 41

pathological swelling or enlargement of renal pelvis or calyces caused by blockage of urine flow

Front 42

Hypoalbumiemia

Back 42

condition of low albumin (protein) in the blood plasma; it often results from renal disorders or malnutrtion

Front 43

Incontinence

Back 43

condition in which an individual voids urine involuntary

Front 44

lithotriptor

Back 44

a specialized ultrasound generator that is used to pulverize kidney stones

Front 45

nephritis

Back 45

general term referring to inflammatory or infectious conditions of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

Front 46

nephropathy

Back 46

kidney disease

Front 47

neprotic syndrome

Back 47

group of signs and symptoms that often accompany glomerular disorders of the kidney; proteinuria, albuminemia, and edema

Front 48

neurogenic bladder

Back 48

condition in which the nervous control of the urinary bladder is impaired, causing abnormal or obstructed flow of urine from the body

Front 49

nosocomial infection

Back 49

infection that begins in the hospital or clinic

Front 50

oliguria

Back 50

scanty amounts of urine

Front 51

overactive bladder

Back 51

refers to frequent urination characterized by urgency and pain

Front 52

phenylketouria (PKU)

Back 52

recesive, inherited condition characterized by excess of phenylketone in the urine, acummulation in tissues and may cause brain injury and death

Front 53

polyuria

Back 53

lots of urine

Front 54

proteinuria

Back 54

presence of abnormally high amounts of plasma protein in the urine; usually an idicator of kidney disease

Front 55

pyelonephritis

Back 55

infectious condition characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissue in the kidneys

Front 56

renal calculi

Back 56

kidney stones

Front 57

renal failure

Back 57

acute or chronic loss of kidney function

Front 58

renal colic

Back 58

pain caused by the passage of a kidney stone

Front 59

uremia

Back 59

condition in which blood urea conc. is abormally high, expressed in high BUN, also called uremic poisoning

Front 60

urethritis

Back 60

inflammation or infection of the urethra

Front 61

urinary retention

Back 61

condition in which o urine is voided

Front 62

urinary suppression

Back 62

condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine