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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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urinary system composed of
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kidneys
ureters urinary bladder urethra |
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Kidneys
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-sit on posterior abdominal wall
-retroperitoneal -related to diaphragm , transverse abdominun, quadratus lamborum, psoas major muscles -superior pole related to adrenal glands |
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surfaces of kidney
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anterior & posterior
L&R kidneys differ in anatomical relations Left kidney -anterior: spleen, stomach, pancreas -posterior: rib 11 & 12 Right kidney (lower b/c of liver) -anterior: liver, duodenum -posterior: rib12 |
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Hilum of kidney
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on medial border
-passage for major structures; renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis -b/c inferior vena cava is shifted to right side, R renal vein is shorter than L renal vein |
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coverings of kidney
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4 coverings
-different layers of ct from inside to outside: 1) Fibrous 2) Perirenal (nephric) Fat 3) Renal Fascia 4) Pararenal Fat 4 |
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Fibrous layer of kidney
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(renal capsule)
-dense ct -intimately in touch with kidney -mechanical protection |
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Perirenal Fat
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-surrounds kidney
-cushion & insulate kidney |
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Renal Fascia
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-loose ct
-anchors and connects kidney to surrounding structures |
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Pararenal Fat
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-additional layer of fat
-more prominent on posterior aspect -cushion and insulation |
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Internal Features of kidney
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comprised of cortex and medulla
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Cortex
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-superficial
-renal column is an extension of cortex within medulla that separates renal pyramids |
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Medulla
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-deep
-contains renal pyramids (16-20) -base faces cortex -apex toward hilum renal papilla (apex) opens into minor calyx minor calyx join - major calyx - all merge - renal pelvis |
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Sinus
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-contains minor & major calyx, renal pelvis, fat
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Renal Lobe
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16-20
-contains functional unit of kidney (nephron) -comprised of 1 renal pyramid, overlying cortex, & half adjacent renal columns |
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Ureters
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muscular tube
-retroperitoneal -arise from renal pelvis -descends on posterior abdominal wall -ends to urinary bladder innervated by spinal segments TXI - LI |
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Constrictions on ureter
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3 constrictions along course
1) beginning, where it arises from renal pelvis (LI) 2) when it passes over common iliac artery to enter pelvis (sacroilac joint) 3) at end when it enters urinary bladder (SII) |
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Urinary Bladder
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-muscular sac in true pelvis
-pyramidal in shape with base, apex, 3 surfaces -max capacity 700-800mL -after 500 mL (final warning), internal sphincter voluntarily opens and pressure on external sphincter - not able to stay closed |
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Relations of Bladder in Males
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-base/posterior surface: rectum, seminal vesicles
-apex: pubic symphysis -inferolateral surface: prostate & pelvic floor muscles -superior surface (covered by peritonium): sigmoid colon, loops of SI |
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Relations of Bladder in Females
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-base: vagina
-apex: pubic symphysis -superior surface: uterus, coils of SI |
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Rugae
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=folds of internal mucosa membrane that enable bladder to expand
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Urinary Trigone
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-inverted triangular surface of base that doesn't have folds
-ureters travel for a few cm within wall of bladder, & open at corners of trigone at superior angles -no sphincter present at end of ureters, but when bladder fills with urine, ureters are compressed & prevent urine from moving back into ureters -apex of trigone found at beginning of urethra |
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Ligaments of Bladder
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-anchor urinary bladder to posterior surface of anterior abdominal wall
-lateral umbilicus (2) - remnants of umbilical arteries -median umbilicus (1) - remnant of embryonic structures, urachus |
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Internal Urethral Sphincter
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-detrusor muscle - smooth muscle of urinary bladder
-absent in females |
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External Urethral Sphincter
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-voluntary
-made up of skeletal muscle of pelvic floor |
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Male Urethra
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segments:
1) preprostatic -few mm -just before entering prostate -move through muscular wall of bladder 2) prostatic -4-5 cm -portion passing through prostate 3) membranous -1cm -narrowest segment -pass through muscular membrane of pelvic floor muscles 4) spongy/penile -20-25cm -passes through penis |
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Female Urethra
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-4cm
-embedded within anterior wall of vagina -paraurethral glands - constantly keep urethra moist |
