Urinary-Renal System

Front 1

What is the average urine output?

Back 1

1500 ml per day

Front 2

When will the urge to void occur?

Back 2

100-150 ml has collected in the bladder

Front 3

What is the bladder capacity?

Back 3

600-1000 ml

Front 4

What are some neprotoxic drugs?

Back 4

aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and sulfonamides

Front 5

Pyelonephritis

Back 5

an inflammation of the renal pelvis and the parenchyma of the kidneys

Front 6

Ureterovesical reflux

Back 6

The reflux of urine from the urethra to the bladder

Front 7

Vesicoureteral reflux

Back 7

The reflux of urine from the bladder into one or both of the ureters and possible into the renal pelvis

Front 8

What are the clinical manifestations of cystitis?

Back 8

frequency, uregency, dysuria, hematuria, low back pain, suprapubic pain

Front 9

What are the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis?

Back 9

Fever, chills, malaise, flank pain on affected side

Front 10

What kind of temperature would you expect to see with an older patient with a UTI?

Back 10

decreased temperature

Front 11

What class of antibiotics would be given to treat a lower UTI?

Back 11

sulfonamides

Front 12

What class of antibiotics would be given to treat an upper UTI?

Back 12

Fluoroquinolones

Front 13

How much fluids should be encouraged for a pt with a UTI?

Back 13

3000 ml/day

Front 14

How long should a patient with an uncomplicated UTI expect to be on antibiotics?

Back 14

1-3 days

Front 15

How long should a patient iwth a complicated UTI expect to be on antibiotics?

Back 15

10-14 days

Front 16

How often should a patient with a UTI urinate?

Back 16

Q2-3H

Front 17

What are risk factors for caliculi?

Back 17

Hypercalcemia, Hypercaciuria, increased dietary protein, age 20-55, low fluid intake,

Front 18

How do you treat calculi?

Back 18

3000ml/day fluid, thiazide diuretics and phosphates anticholinergics, surgery

Front 19

Nephrolithotomy

Back 19

incision into the kidney and removal of the stone

Front 20

Ureterolithotomy

Back 20

incision into the ureter to locate a stone and remove it

Front 21

Stenting

Back 21

insertion of a small tube into ureter via ureteroscopy to dilate ureter to enlarge passageway for expulsion of stone or stone fragments

Front 22

Lithotripsy:

Back 22

cystoscopic, percutatneous ultrasonic, laser, or extrcorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Front 23

What does the patient need to do for a lithotripsy?

Back 23

remain motionless, typically sedated

Front 24

What should the nurse expect about a patient after a lithotripsy?

Back 24

Hematuria is common

Front 25

Nephrotic syndrome

Back 25

massive excretion of protein in urine, losse colloidal pressure and some clotting factors

Front 26

What are the S&S of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 26

Peripheral edema, ascities,htn, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbumeniemia

Front 27

What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

Back 27

releive edema, releive primary cause, daily weights, I&O

Front 28

Glomerulonephritis

Back 28

inflammatory reaction caused by an antigen-antibody response, causing decreased GFR

Front 29

What are the causes of glomerulonephritis?

Back 29

systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, streptococcal infection

Front 30

What is the most common glomerulonephritis?

Back 30

Acute Poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis
(infection that develops 5-20 days after infection of group A strep)

Front 31

What are the S&S of glomerulonephritis?

Back 31

cola colored urine, oliguira, hypertension, azotemia,

Front 32

How do you treat glomerulonephritis?

Back 32

decrease sodium, restrict potassium foods restrict activity, monitor I&O, check BP Q2-4H,

Front 33

How long does the oliguric phase last during renal failure?

Back 33

1-3 weeks

Front 34

What is the urinary output during the oliguric phase?

Back 34

400 ml/24 hours

Front 35

How much urine is let out during the diuretic phase?

Back 35

10L/day

Front 36

What cardiovascular problems can be seen with renal failure?

Back 36

arryhthmias, CHF, hypotension, hypertension

Front 37

What respiratory problems can be seen with renal failure?

Back 37

pulmonary edema, kussmaul respirations, pleural effusions

Front 38

What hematologic problems can be seen with renal failure?

Back 38

anemia, keukocytosis

Front 39

What neurologic problems can be seen with renal failure?

Back 39

decreased seizure threshold

Front 40

How is dopamine used to treat renal failure?

Back 40

Increase BP and therefore increase perfusion

Front 41

How do you calculate a fluid restriction?

Back 41

output for past 24 hours plus 600 ml

Front 42

What BUN level indicates fluid volume overload?

Back 42

120

Front 43

How much weight can a patient loose during the diuretic phase?

Back 43

0.2-0.3 kg/day

Front 44

What would a nurse expect the specific gravity of urine of a chronic renal failure patient to be?

Back 44

fixed at 1.010

Front 45

What are some signs of organ rejection after a transplant?

Back 45

increased WBC, fever, tenderness over graft site, hypertension,

Front 46

the enlargement of the renal pelvises and calyces

Back 46

Hydronephrosis

Front 47

Systemic infection from a urologic source

Back 47

Urosepsis

Front 48

Functional unit of the kidney

Back 48

Nephron

Front 49

Semipermeable membrane for filtration

Back 49

Glomerulus

Front 50

The three phases of a peritoneal dialysis

Back 50

Exchange

Front 51

A decrease in urinary output to less than 400 ml/day

Back 51

oliguria

Front 52

Hormone that cuases water reabssorption in the kidneys

Back 52

ADH

Front 53

Excessive intake may lead to caliculu

Back 53

Oxalate

Front 54

Decreased clearance of wastes in renal failure

Back 54

Azotemia

Front 55

Medication used to reduce overactive bladder contractions

Back 55

Oxybutynin

Front 56

Chronic use may lead to aseptic necrosis for renal transplant patients

Back 56

Corticosteroid

Front 57

An end product of muscle and protein metabolism

Back 57

Creatninine

Front 58

Category of kidney injury commonly caused by acute tubular necrosis

Back 58

Intrarenal

Front 59

Narrowing of the lumen of the ureter or urethra

Back 59

Stricture

Front 60

Risk factor for bladder and kidney cancer

Back 60

Smoking

Front 61

Urinary analgesic that stains urine reddish orange

Back 61

Pyridium

Front 62

Deficiency of this hormone is linked to UTI's

Back 62

Estrogen

Front 63

Type of urinary incontinence derived from spinal cord damage above S2 level

Back 63

Reflex

Front 64

Used to evaluate detruser instability

Back 64

Cystometrogram

Front 65

Hormone that acts to conserve sodium and increase blood pressure

Back 65

Aldosterone

Front 66

Serious complication of acute renal failure

Back 66

Hyperkalemia

Front 67

Type of catheter that is irrigated with no more than 5ml sterile water

Back 67

Nephrostomy

Front 68

Used to treat anemia

Back 68

Erythropoietin

Front 69

Serious complication of nephrotic syndrome

Back 69

Thromboembolism

Front 70

Commonly used sulfonamide for treatment of uncomplicated UTI

Back 70

Bactrim

Front 71

What is the most common urinary stone?

Back 71

Calcium oxalate

Front 72

What type of stone is a struvite stone?

Back 72

magnesium ammonium phosphate

Front 73

Incontinence caused by sudden abdominal contraction

Back 73

Stress incontinence

Front 74

Incontinence caused by overactive bladder

Back 74

Urge incontinence

Front 75

Incontinence caused by an over full bladder that overcomes sphincter control

Back 75

Overflow incontinence