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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the embryologic origin of the nephron?
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intermediate mesoderm
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What is the embryologic origin of the collecting ducts?
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ureteric bud
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the ductus deferens (males) and in both males and females to the ureteric bud?
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mesonephric duct
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The ureters, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts are all derived from which embryological structure?
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ureteric bud
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What constitutes the formation of the metanephros?
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The ureteric bud growing into the intermediate mesoderm
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What due the uriniferous tubules consist of?
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Nephrons and collecting ducts
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What is the mechanism of renal agenesis?
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Failure of the ureteric bud to interact with the intermediate mesoderm
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What is the mechanism of a duplicated or branched ureter?
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Bifurcation of the ureteric bud before it interacts with the intermediate mesoderm
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Fusion of the metanephric mesoderm caudally, resulting in a failure of kidney migration due to blockage by the inferior mesenteric artery causes which embryological malformation?
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Horseshoe kidney
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The urorectal septum divides the _________ into the rectum and urogenital sinus.
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cloaca
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The median umbilical ligament is derived from which structure?
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urachus
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The urachus is derived from which structure?
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allantois
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Which derivative of the urogenital sinus becomes the bladder neck, the prostatic urethra in males, and the entire urethra in females?
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Pelvic (middle) part
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The female urethra is derived from which structure?
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urogenital sinus
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The distal male urethra is derived from the __________?
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glandular plate (ectoderm)
proximal urethra = urogenital sinus (endoderm) |
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Urachal cysts, sinuses and fistulas are due to ____________?
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Patent allantois/urachus
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What is the mechanism of megacystis?
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Presence of posterior urethral valves that block urine outflow from the bladder.
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What are the sequelae of posterior urethral valves?
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Renal failure, pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydraminos
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What is the embryologic origin of the adrenal medulla?
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It is derived from neural crest cells
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What is the mechanism of congential adrenal hyperplasia?
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Enzymatic deficiency of CYP450c21
Steroid 21-hydroxylase gene Decreased steroid hormone output increases ACTH release from the adenohypophysis, resulting in adrenal hyperplasia and overproduction of androgens. |
