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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kidneys |
selectively filters out and eliminates H20 and other substances needed by the body. Amino acids, urea, creatine, uric acids, phosphates. Electrolytes (sulfates, nitrates, phenol) |
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Urinary elimination depends upon function of |
1. Kidneys- location, filters blood and regulates blood flow. 2. Ureters- drain urine out of kidney to bladder (2) 3. Bladder- Storage unit 4. Urethra- tube to bladder(exit urine)
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Kidneys filters approx (Nephrons) |
1200ml bid/minute
Filter blood plasma 150-200 ml urge to void |
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Urine moves from kidneys |
ureter bladder urethra urinary meatus
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Adults |
void 24 hours a day |
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By age 80 |
30 % loss of glomeruli loss |
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Incontinence |
Due to mobility or neurologic impairment Loss of bladder tone |
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Children |
excrete large ants of urine in proportion to body weight |
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Muscle tone |
infants- no bladder or sphincter tone |
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Eldery |
lack of tone, increased frequency, urgency |
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NORMAL URINARY ELIMINATION |
Clear, pale yellow to deep amber Amount minimum of 30 ml/hr Odor Slight ammonia pH 5.0-90. with avg. of 6.0 |
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ABNORMAL URINARY ELIMATION |
Blue, orange, cloudy, red, hematuria Lighter=more dilute Darker=more concentrated Medications
Ketones (acetone), glucose. Infection, kidney stones
Strong ammonia-decreased fluid intake Metallic, foul- antibiotics, infection
Below 5.0 Above 9.0 |
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Oliguria (<30ML/H HRF fluid volume excess), anuria (ABSENCE OF URINE) |
Renal failure, renal obstruction, pre-eclampsia, decreased fluid intake |
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Polyuria |
Diabetes, increased fluid intake, diuretic, pituitary or hypothalamus problems |
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Subjective data |
frequency- voiding pattern Methods- sit, urinal, stand Pain changes Enlarged prostate, kidney stones, incont, Urostomy |
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Specific gravity |
1.00-1.25 number of degree of concentration of a substance compared with that of an equal volume of another substance
Normal- 1.010-1.025 Low- over hydration, 1.10 (diabetes insidious, kidney disease) High concentration dehydration 1.025 (diabets mellitus)
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POTASSIUM |
When fluid goes POTASSIUM goes out too |
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Chemical reagent strips |
Glucose Ketones Proteins Blood Bilirubin, urobilinogen
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24 hour urine |
Always on ice |
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Incontinence |
is not a disease its a symptom. Potential for involuntary passage of urine occurring shortly after a strong sense of urgency to void.
15-30% female 30-70% nursing home |
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Bladder relaxants |
reduce bladder spasm (CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE) |
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Bladder training |
Q every 2 hours bathroom |
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Stress Incontinence |
leakage of urine (smaller volumes) <50 ml occur when intravesical pressure exceeds the maximum urethral pressure & detrusor function.
Ex: Pregnancy, Sneezing, coughing |
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Functional Incontinence |
Urinary leakage associated with impairment of cognitive or physical functioning, psychological unwillingness, or environmental barrios to toilet. (Do not have urinary function bladder, issues with mobility).
Ex: Bladder train patient, commode, urinal, bed pan in reach, call light in reach, skin care to prevent breakdown. |
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Reflex Incontinence |
involuntary loss of urine controlled by spinal cord reflex, occurring at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached. (Little or no feeling of bladder)
Ex: Nursing Actives-nAssess skin, encourage fluid to prevent UTI |
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Total Incontinence |
continuos loss of urine RT neuromuscular, congenital, sensory, pathological impairments or surgery. (Unpredictable continuous loss of urine)
Nursing Actives- Good skin care, catheter care, incont. aids, self-esteem issues to be addressed. (NOT DUE TO AGING) |
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DYSURIA |
difficult voiding urgency burning/painful frequency 50-100 ml per void May have UTI inflammation, stricture (narrowing) |
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UTI |
commonly caused by bacteria common to the intestinal environment 20% yearly for women and 0.1 % men
Signs Burning sensation when voiding, urgency, cloudly urine, lower abdominal pain,
Prevention
Increased fluid intake Voiding frequent Shower rather than bathing in tub Good perineal hygiene Increase acidity of urine |
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Internal sphincter |
No control |
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External sphincter |
Can control |
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Method to control voiding |
Afferent pathway- bladder to spinal cord Efferent pathway- spinal cord to bladder |
