Urinary Dysfunction In Children

Front 1

General signs and symptoms of urinary tract disorders in neonates include?

Back 1

-FTT, poor feeding, vomit, dehydration
-tachycardia, respiratory distress, seizures
-urinary frequency, enlarged kidney/bladder

Front 2

General signs and symptoms of urinary tract disorders in infants include?

Back 2

-foul-smelling urine, pallor, fever

Front 3

General signs and symptoms of urinary tract disorders in a child include?

Back 3

-poor appetite, vomit, thirst, enuresis, dysuria, frequency, fatigue, pain, increased B/P

Front 4

The single most important test for detection of renal problems is?

Back 4

urinalysis

Front 5

Most useful estimation of glomerular filtration rate is the clearance of ___.

Back 5

creatinine

Front 6

Assess for allergies for these 2 urinary diagnostic tests due to injection of contrast medium.

Back 6

1. IVP
2. voiding cystourethrogram

Front 7

The diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)is made by?

Back 7

VCUG

Front 8

Complications of VUR include:

Back 8

renal scarring, renal hypertension, chronic renal failure

Front 9

3 examples of antibiotics and antispasmodics?

Back 9

Atropine, Pyridium, Urimax

Front 10

Associated anamolies of exstrophy of the bladder include:

Back 10

epispadia, double clitoris, widened symphysis pubis which can cause malrotation of the hips

Front 11

1st stage of surgery for exstrophy of the bladder involves?

Back 11

reconstruction of the bladder reservoir

Front 12

2nd stage of surgery for exstrophy of the bladder involves?

Back 12

reconstruction of bladder neck and urethra

Front 13

Position the patient who has had surgery for exstrophy of the bladder in a ___ position.

Back 13

lateral

Front 14

FACT:

Back 14

Stress incontinence can occur after the second stage repair of exstrophy of the bladder.

Front 15

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by (4)...

Back 15

severe edema
proteinuria
hyperlipidemia
hypoalbuminemia

Front 16

Manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 16

-weight gain
-ascites
-peripheral, labial, scrotal edema
-anasarca
-anorexia, diarrhea, malnutrition
-respiratory difficulties, (i.e.pulmonary congestion)pallor, fatigue, lethargy
-dark, frothy urine
-increased susceptibility to infection

Front 17

FACT:

Back 17

In nephrotic syndrome there is increased secretion of ADH and aldosterone.

Front 18

The loss of ___ is the primary indicator of nephrotic syndrome.

Back 18

protein

Front 19

Daily loss of protein in nephrotic syndrome is ___.

Back 19

50 mg/kg/day

Front 20

Blood studies would show an albumin level less than ___.

Back 20

2 gm dl

Front 21

Primary agent for the management of nephrotic syndrome is?

Back 21

Prednisone (corticosteroid)

Front 22

High doses of Prednisone in children can cause ___.

Back 22

growth retardation

Front 23

What 4 types of meds are given for nephrotic syndrome?

Back 23

1. corticosteroids (Prednisone)
2. Immunosuppresants (Cytoxan, Leukoran, Neoral)
3. Diuretics (Lasix/Aldactone)
4. Plasma expanders
5. ACE inhibitors for HTN
6. NSAIDs
7. Antibiotics for infection

Front 24

S/E of immunosuppresants?

Back 24

leukopenia, male sterility (>3 months), increases risk of seizure

Front 25

The use of immunosuppresants for the management of nephrotic syndrome should be limited to ___.

Back 25

2-3 months

Front 26

3 cardiovascular complications of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 26

1. HTN
2. tachycardia
3. thrombosis

Front 27

High doses of Prednisone can cause (5):

Back 27

1. *growth retardation
2. cataracts
3. osteomalacia
4. HTN
5. obesity

Front 28

What are 3 S/S of steroids?

Back 28

1. rounding of the face
2. increased appetite
3. weight gain

Front 29

Onset of AGN occurs ___ days after strep infection.

Back 29

10-21

Front 30

AGN occurs after an infection with ___.

Back 30

group a beta-hemolytic strep

Front 31

Group a beta-hemolytic strep of the skin causes ___ while group a beta-hemolytic strep of the pharynx causes ___.

Back 31

impetigo; pharyngitis

Front 32

___ can cause hypertensive encephalopathy.

Back 32

AGN

Front 33

Manifestations of AGN:

Back 33

-hematuria/proteinuria; dysuria
-tea-colored urine
-wt.gain, edema, possible oliguria
-perioribtal edema, anasarca
-encephalopathy: H/A, N/V, irritability, fatigue
-azotemia with increased BUN and creatinine
-proteinuria, RBC, WBC, casts
-HTN (mild to moderate)
-anemia, leukocytosis
-Positive anti-streptolysin-O-titer
-Elevated ESR

Front 34

S/S of complications of AGN:

Back 34

-elevated B/P, H/A, dizziness, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, altered LOC, seizures (hypertensive encephalopathy)
-coughing, restlessness, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (pulmonary edema)
-tachycardia, tachycardia, dyspnea (CHF)
-severe oliguria/anuria

Front 35

hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by (3):

Back 35

1. hemolytic anemia
2. acute renal failure
3. thrombocytopenia

Front 36

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is usually linked to ___ caused by ___.

Back 36

verotoxin; e.coli

Front 37

Prodromal stage of hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by:

Back 37

-upper respiratory illness, fever, irritability, skin rash
-edema, abdominal pain, N/V, bloody diarrhea

Front 38

Acute stage of hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by:

Back 38

-hemolytic anemia, HTN, pallor, purpura
-neuro (irritability, seizures, altered LOC, hallucinations, cerebral edema, posturing, blindness)

Front 39

FACT:

Back 39

In hemolytic uremic syndrome, acute renal failure occurs due to blood clotting in renal arterioles and toxic effect of hemolyzed RBCs.

Front 40

Treat increased phosphorus with ___.

Back 40

aluminum hydroxide gel

Front 41

Treat decreased calcium levels with ___ or ___.

Back 41

calcium gluconate; calcium chloride

Front 42

What kind of dialysis is preferred to treat hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Back 42

peritoneal

Front 43

Diet for the treatment of hemolytic uremic syndrome should be ___ calorie, ___ CHO, ___ PRO, ___ Na, ___ K, ___ Ph

Back 43

increased, increased, decreased, increased, decreased, decreased