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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urinary antiseptics used for:
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*prevention of recurrent/chronic UTI
*useful for UTI only *little or no systemic effect |
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Urinary Antiseptic Drugs (3)
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*Methenamine hippurate
*Methenamine mandelate *Nitrofurantoin |
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Methenamine contraindication:
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Sulfonamide
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Methenamine
*antibacterial spectrum *excretion *use |
*Gram neg (NOT Proteus or Pseudomonas)
*excreted thru kidney *long term UTI therapy (dogs) |
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Methenamine produces what in (acidic or alkaline) urine?
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Formaldehyde in acidic urine (pH 5.5)
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Nitrofuran
*MOA *side effects |
*reduced by nitrofuran reductase -- affects DNA (bacteriocidal)
*anorexia, nausea, vomit |
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Nitrofuran
*Antibacterial spectrum *excretion |
*broad: G- and G+ EXCEPT Psudomonas and Proteus
*kidney -- glom. filtration and active secretion |
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Rifampin (misc)
*MOA *absorption |
*inhibits RNA synthesis -- by inhibiting RNA polymerases
*well absorbed orally |
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Rifampin (misc)
*metabolism *excretion *distribution |
*in liver to active desacetylrifampin (red color in urine/feces/saliva)
*excreted bile and urine *well dis. in tissue, low in CNS |
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What type of antibiotic is Novobiocin?
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aminocoumarin antibiotic
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Novobiocin
*MOA *antibacterial spectrum |
*unknown MOA -- may inhibit cell wall building or DNA gyrase (bacteriostatic)
*S. aureus, Pen G procaine (dry cow mastitis) |
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Polymyxin drugs (2)
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*Polymyxin B
*Polymyxin E (Colistin) |
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Polymyxins
*MOA *antibacterial spectrum |
*cationic, surface acting, disrupt cell membrane (bacteriocidal)
*Pseudomonas, other G- |
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Polymyxins
*absorption *local/systemic |
*not absorbed orally
*used locally in mixture w/ Bacitracin |
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Polymyxins
Side effects |
nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, neuromuscular block (parenteral)
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What is the best first choice of antibacterial to treat bacterial infection in animals?
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There is not a single best drug, but usually several drugs that are considered appropriate
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Bacteria that cause UTI
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Proteus and E. coli
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Bacteria that causes pyoderma (dog)
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Staph. intermedius
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Staph. intermedius (pyoderma) is susceptible to what drugs?
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*Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
*Dicloxacillin *1st generation cephalosporins (Cefalexin, Cefadroxil) *Fluoroquinolones (Enroflox,Diflox) *Clindamycin |
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Bacteroides fragilis susceptible to what drugs?
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Carbapenems
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Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces are susceptible to what drugs?
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*Pen G
*Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid *2nd gen cephalosporins (cefotetan or cefoxtin) *Chloramphenicol *Metronidazole |
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What bacteria do u see in wound infection and pneumonia?
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Pasteurella multocida
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Pasteurella multocida is susceptible to what drugs?
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penicillins
e.g. Penicillin G or amoxicillin |
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Proteus mirabilis (UTI) is susceptible to what drugs?
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*Penicillins
*Cephalosporins *Tetracyclines *Sulfatrimethoprim |
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Enterobacter, E. coli, and Klebsiella are susceptible to what drugs?
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*amoxicillin alone or + clavulanic acid
*1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins *aminoglycosides *enrofloxacin |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is susceptible to what drugs?
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*Ticarcillin
*3rd generation cephalosporin *aminoglycosides *Doripenem *Ciprofloxacin |
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Name some organisms that infect intracellularly
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Brucella
Mycobacteria Rickettsia Chlamydia |
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antibacterials that penetrate the cell membrane (treat intracellular infections)
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*Fluoroquinolones
*Lincosamides *erythromycin azithromycin *Doxycycline |
