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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is total quantity of Ca in body (in moles)
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25-30 moles
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Where is most of this found?
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Skeleton
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Where is it absorbed?
Under control of what? When is this increased? |
Intestines
Vitamin D Growth and Pregnancy |
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Where is Ca reabsorption controlled in the kidney?
By what? |
DCT
Parathyroid Hormon (PTH) |
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What forms can Ca be in in the body?
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Ionised
Protein Bound Complexed |
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What is the total adjusted range of Ca?
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2.2-2.67 mmol/L
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Sources of Vit D?
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Sun
Oily Fish |
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What is Vit D's metabolism pathway
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Start: Vit D
Liver: 25-OH Vit D Kidney: 1, 25 (OH)2 Vit D by 1-alpha hydroxylase under PTH control |
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Actions of 1,25-OH2 Vit D on
Bones Kidney Other (3) |
Bones: + ca and PO4 uptake
Kidney: - 1 alpha hydroxylase + 24,25 OH2 D formation Other: - cell growth + Insulin secretion - Renin production |
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Actions of PTH
Bone Kidney |
Bone: + osteoclast activity
Kindey: + Ca and Mg Reaborption - Po4 , HCO3 reabsorption |
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What does Calcitonin do?
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Reduces Ca blood levels by suppressing renal and bone resorption
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What are the two main pathologies behind hypercalcaemia?
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- Malignancy
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism |
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What are the clinical features?
Gi CVS Renal CNS |
GI: Anorexia; Nausea/Vom; Constipation
CVS: Hypertension; shortened QT interval; Renal: polyuria; polydipsia CNS: Congnitive difficulties; apathy; drowsiness; Coma |
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Compare and contrast Hypercalcaemia due to Malignancy and 1-ary HPT:
Hypercalcaemia Duration Rate of increase Calculi Plasma PTH Plasma Ca Plasma PO4 Plasma Vit D Bone Resorption Bone Formation |
(malignancy/HPT)
Hypercalcaemia (>3.5/<3.5) Duration (wks-mnths/mnths-years) Rate of progression (quick/slow) Renal Calculi (-/+) Plasma PTH (down/up) Plasma Ca (up/up) Plasma PO4 (down/down) PTH (down/up) Vit D (down/up) Bone resorption (up/up) Bone formation (down/up) |
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Explain these differences
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in malignancy the tumour does not produce PTH but PARATHYROID RELATED PEPTIDES which mimic PTH
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Name two possible symptoms of renal stones
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Haematuria
Colicky pain |
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Name 3 types of stones
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Calcium Oxalate
Ca Phosphate Mg ammonium phosphate Urate |
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Name 3 factors that can contribute to their formation
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Low urine volume
Low pH Hypercalcaemia Hyperkalaemia Hyperoxaluria Hyperuricaemia Primary HPT Hypertension |
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Name a type of stone you would AND would not see on a radiograph
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would: calcium oxalate/phosphate
Would not: Urate |
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What tests would you order?
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Urinalysis: pH, sediments
Blood screen: Ca, PTH, PO4, rate, pH |
