Urinary 4.1 Plasma Volume

Front 1

What determines Plasma volume?

Back 1

Plasma Na concentration

Front 2

What is Na balance?

Back 2

The process by which the kidney matches Na ingestion and excretion

Front 3

What is Increased Sodium in the urine called?
Why would this happen physiologically?

Back 3

Natriuresis
To decreas ECF volume

Front 4

What detects changes in ECF volume?

Back 4

Baroreceptors

Front 5

1) What are the two types of Baroreceptors?
2) Where are they found?
3) Which nerve do they utilise?

Back 5

1) High and Low pressure baroreceptors
2) H: carotid sinus and aortic arch
L: Atria & pulmonary vasculature
3) Vagues (Glossophryngeal: High pressure BRs)

Front 6

How does the body respond to ECF expansion

Back 6

ANP release decreases Blood volume and Na reabsorption
Initial increase in GFR decreases Na reabsorption

Front 7

How does the body respond to ECF contraction

Back 7

RAAS and SNS increase Na reabsorption

Front 8

What type of reabsorption occurs in the PCT.

Back 8

Isosmotic

Front 9

Describe and explain the changes in osmolarity of the filtrate as is passes through the LoH

Back 9

-Start: isosmotic
-Descending limb: looses water; become hypertonic/hyperosmotic
-Ascending: Salts actively pumped out; becomes hyposmotic/hypotonic

Front 10

1) What channels are present in the Loh
2) What condition is a loss of function of these transporters
3) what does it lead to

Back 10

1) NKCC2;ROMK;Na-K-ATPase
2) Barter's syndrome
3) Loss of Na in urine and hypokalaemia

Front 11

1) what reabsorption happens in the DCT
2)What transporters are present
3) What drug affects these?

Back 11

1)Active transport of Na, K and Ca
2) NCC, ENaC
3) Thiazide diuretics (NCC); Amiloride (ENaC)

Front 12

1) What two types of cells are found in the CD
2) What do they do?

Back 12

1) Principle cells; Type B intercalated cells
2) P.cells: Na reabsorption via ENaC
B.cells: Secrete HCO3