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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urinalysis:
normal amt? anuria? oliguria? polyuria? |
- 0.5-2L/d
- <100 mL/d - <400mL/d - >3L/d |
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What can cause the color:
yellow - brown? red? |
-jaundice, dehydration
-RBC/Hb/myoglobinuria/food dyes (beet) |
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What is the normal pH?
What can cause: alkaline+NH4 smell? alkaline? acidic? |
- ~6
- proteus infection - respiratory alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis -resp/metabolic acidosis |
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What is the normal amt of protein?
-What can cause proteinuria? |
albumin <30 ug/gm of creatinine
-GBM alteration, multiple myeloma, inflammation |
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What is found in:
colorless urine? cloudy? milky? |
-dilute, polyuria, diabetes
-crystals, cells, urolithiasis, infect -lipids, chyle, cells, nephrosis, filariasis, infection |
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What is found in:
yellow/orange? yellow/green? red? |
-con'c, urobilin, bilirubin, dehydration, liver dz, hemolysis
-bile pigments, bilirubin, obstructive jaundice -Hb, myoglobin, porphyrin, fresh blood, crush injury, hemolysis, menstruation, infection |
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What is found in red brown urine?
Brown-black urine? |
-dysmorphic RBCs, casts, methemoglobin, glomerulonephritis, muscle injury, unstable Hb
-methemoglobin, melanin, homogentistic acid, rhabdomyolysis, alkaptonuria |
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What causes excessive tubular epithelial cells in urine sediment?
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acute tubular necrosis
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What causes dysmorphic RBCs (irregular size/shape) in urine sediment?
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Nephritic syndrome
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What causes Bacteriuria?
what is the normal amt of WBCs in urine sediment? |
-infection + colonization
-<3/HPF in M; <10/HPF in F |
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What causes eosinophiluria in a urine sediment?
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Drug induced nephrites
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What causes lipiduria (fat droplets & oval bodies [maltese cross]) in a urine sediment?
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Nephrotic syndrome
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What causes malignant dysplastic cell clusters in urine sediment?
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Bladder malignancy
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Where are sediment casts formed?
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In the distal convoluted tubule or collecting duct
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Describe + give cause of:
hyaline cast? RBC cast? WBC cast? |
-clear, proteinaceous, proteinuria
-brownish RBCs, glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome -WBC, neutrophil/eosinophil, acute pyelonephritis, drug induced interstitial nephritis |
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Describe + give cause of:
fatty cast? renal tubular cast? granular cast? |
-"maltese cross", nephrOtic syndrome
-tubular epithelium, acute tubular necrosis -breakdown of cellular (R/WBC, renal tubular cast), acute tubular necrosis, pyelonhephritis, drug induced interstitial nephritis |
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Describe + give cause of:
waxy cast? broad cast? |
-from granular casts w/ sharp borders, CRF, reflect stasis within tubules and oliguria
-usual waxy cast but 2-3x wider, renal failure cast (CRF=tubular atrophy + dilation) |
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What is azotemia?
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elevated BUN and creatinine levels- due to reduced GFR
[normal ration= 10:1] |
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What is uremia?
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Azotemia + other biochemical abnormalities + clinical findings
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What is the GFR in ESRD?
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<20mL
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