Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
pH indicator |
Double indicator system reaction Methyl red 4-6 Bromthymol blue 6-9 |
|
|
Protein indicator |
Protein error of indicators |
|
|
Glucose indicator |
Double sequential enzyme reaction Glucose oxidase Peroxidase |
|
|
Ketone indicator |
Sodium nitroprusside |
|
|
Blood indicator |
Pseudoperoxidase |
|
|
Bilirubin indicator |
Diazo reaction |
|
|
Urobilinogen indicator |
Ehrlichs aldehyde reaction |
|
|
Nitrite indicator |
Greiss reaction |
|
|
Leuk esterase indicator |
LE catalyzes hydrolysis of acid esterase |
|
|
What tests doe ascorbic acid affect |
False neg- glucose, blood, bili, nitrite, LE False pos- clinitest |
|
|
Positive bili normal urobil |
Bile duct obstruction |
|
|
Pos or neg bili pos urobil |
Liver damage |
|
|
Neg bili very pos urobil |
Hemolytic disease |
|
|
Significance of pH |
Respiratory/metabolic ketoacidosis Renal calculi Defects in nephron tubule Determination of old urine |
|
|
Renal calculi |
Acidic conditions |
|
|
Significance of protein |
Proteinuria seen in early renal disease Only detects albumin <10 mg/dl is neg |
|
|
Significance of glucose |
Screening for DM Glucose in urine may be incs in blood Pancreas disorders (insulin) Hyperactive hormone disorders |
|
|
Renal threshold of glucose |
160-180 mg/dl |
|
|
Significance of ketone |
Formed by fat breakdown Starvation, vomiting, diabetic acidosis |
|
|
Significance of blood |
Hematuria Hemoglobinuria Myoglobinuria |
|
|
Hemoglobinuria |
Hemolytic anemia Transfusion reaction |
|
|
Myoglobinuria |
Trauma Prolonged coma Muscle wasting disease |
|
|
Significance of bilirubin and urobilinogen |
Liver disease Bile duct obstruction Hemolytic disease |
|
|
Significance of nitrites |
Gram neg rods Reduce nitrate to nitrites Screening for UTI |
|
|
Significance of leukoesterase |
Presence of granulocytes and monocytes UTI or inflammation |
|
|
Pyuria |
WBC in urine |
|
|
Unconjugated bili |
Not water soluble Initial state of bili |
|
|
Route of bili |
Unconjugated Albumin attaches brings to liver Conjugated in liver (safer) Travels to intestines bacteria convert to urobilinogen excreted into feces |
|
|
Type of bili seen in urine |
Conjugated Unconjugated (attached to albumin) is too big to be filtered into urine |
|
|
Why would conjugated bili be seen in urine |
If it can't exit through the duct into intestines it will back up into plasma and since it is water soluble it will be excreted in urine |
|
|
Dipstick protein color |
Yellow to blue |
|
|
Dipstick glucose color |
Green to brown |
|
|
Dipstick ketone detects what |
Acetoacetic acid |
|
|
3 ketone bodies |
Acetoacetic acid Acetone Beta hydroxybuterate |
|
|
Interfere with ketone test |
False decr- old urine (bacteria use up)
|
|
|
False pos for blood |
Menstrual blood, oxidizing agent, peroxide cleaners |
|
|
False neg for blood |
Ascorbic acid, high SG/crenated cells Won't lyse so they look neg |
|
|
Ictotest |
Confirmatory for bili Washes away interfering substances |
|
|
False neg for bacteria |
Not enough time for nitrate to go to nitrite Not all bacteria reduce (GPC & yeast) No urinary nitrate Ascorbic acid Too many bacteria turning nitrite to nitrogen gas |
|
|
Primary cause of false neg for glucose |
Old specimen - glycolysis |
