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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the ABCDs of Urgent Care?
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Airway
Breathing Circulation Defibrillation |
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What are 2 types of airway obstruction?
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1. Positional Obstruction
2. Foreign Body Obsruction |
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What is epistaxis?
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Nose bleed
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What are some things that can cause epistaxis?
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-Trauma
-Local Irritation -Meds: antihistamines (dries everything up) -Environmental: cold weather, heater, lack of humidity |
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How do you treat epistaxis?
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Pressure for 10 minutes
Ice to bridge of nose |
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What causes hyperventilation?
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Increased airflow
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What are the 2 types of breathing abnormalities in hyperventilation?
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1. Prolonged, deep, rapid
2. Prolonged, shallow, rapid - Anxiety (pretty common - we will see in our office) |
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Clinical signs of hyperventilation?
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Breathing patterns
Numbness in hands, feet, and mouth Dizziness |
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How to Tx Hyperventilation?
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Calm the patient
Slow breathing |
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How should you NOT Tx hyperventilation?
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Brown Paper Bag
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What are the 3 mechanisms of airway obstruction in an asthma attack?
What do these result in? |
1. EDEMA
2. Spasm 3. Mucous plugging Decreased airflow and oxygen |
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What is the onset of an asthma attack?
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can be sudden or gradual
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What are the 6 possible triggers for an asthma attack?
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1. Infection
2. Allergens (food, pollen, meds) 3. Meds (beta blockers) 4. Exercise 5. Anxiety 6. Sulfites |
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What are the clinical signs of asthma attack (4)?
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1. Labored breathing
2. Cough 3. Chest tightness 4. Wheezing (IF there is airflow - might not hear if severe edema and spasm) |
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How to Tx Asthma attack (5)?
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1. Oxygen
2. Albuterol (beta agonist) 3. Epinephrine (beta and alpha agonist) 4. Steroids (anti-inflammatory) 5. Identify those at risk (?) |
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What type of reaction is Anaphylaxis?
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Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
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What is the cause of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
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IgE antibody response to a specific antigen
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What characterizes Anaphylaxis?
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Mast cell degranulation
Histamine release |
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What are common allergens that cause anaphylaxis (6)?
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1. Penicillin
2. Sulfa 3. Lidocaine 4. Foods 5. Pollen 6. Insect bites |
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How long after exposure does this reaction occur?
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Within 1 hour
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What are some signs of mild anaphylaxis?
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Mild Allergy symptoms:
Urticaria Pruritis Nasal Discharge Eye Discharge, Itching Sneezing Angioneurotic edema of face |
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What are some signs of moderate anaphylaxis?
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Dizziness
Weakness Nausea and Vomiting |
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Signs of severe anaphylaxis?
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Wheezing and respiratory distress
Hypotension and fainting Cardiac arrhythmias Seizures |
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How to Tx Anaphylaxis?
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ABCDs
Oxygen Epinephrine Antihistamines Steroids |
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Which antihistamines would you use for anaphylaxis?
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diphenhydramine (benadryl)
cetirizine (zyrtec) |
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How would you administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis?
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SubQ
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What is the typical dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis for an adult?
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0.3
Epipen |
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What is the typical dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis for a child?
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0.15 mg
Epipen Jr. |
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What is a biphasic anaphylactic reaction?
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When a second reaction occurs several hours later.
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Drugs to Tx a biphasic anaphylactic reaction?
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Steroids prevent delayed reaction
Diphenhydramine regularly for 1st 24 hours. |
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What is defined by low blood sugar and a rapid onset?
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Hypoglycemia
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What is defined by high blood sugar and a slower onset?
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Hyperglycemia
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What 4 things can cause hypoglycemia?
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1. Insulin overdose
2. Sulfonylureas (oral hypoglycemic meds) 3. Inadequate food intake 4. Excessive Exercise |
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What are 3 clinical signs of hypoglycemia?
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1. Weakness
2. Dizziness, light-headedness 3. Hunger |
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What three things can be done for Tx of hypoglycemia?
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1. Glucose
2. Glucagon 3. Prevention |
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What is syncope?
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Fainting
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What characterizes syncope?
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Sudden, transient loss of consciousness.
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How long does syncope it last?
In what state is the patient after the fainting? |
seconds to a few minutes
returns to pre-syncopal status |
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How do you Dx Syncope?
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1. Cardiovascular
2. Neurologic Also, Drug Hx is important |
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What are 2 cardiovascular conditions that can cause syncope?
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1. Arrhythmias
2. Myocardial Infarction |
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Vascular causes of Syncope?
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1. Vasovagal
2. Orthostatic |
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What is the most common cause of syncope?
What are some characteristics? |
Vasovagal
Preceded by tachycardia and hypertension Anxiety or stress |
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Describe the orthostatic cause of syncope?
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Can be due to positional change - hypotension
Or many meds |
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Who is orthostatic syncope common with?
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Elderly
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What are 2 neurologic causes for syncope?
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1. Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke or TIA)
2. Micturition syncope (vagal stimulation - bradycardia) |
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What should you do first when a patient comes in with chest pain?
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Rule out the most serious causes
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What is critical for the Dx of chest pain?
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History
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What can you confirm the history with for chest pain?
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Physical findings
Tests - EKG, etc. |
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What are 4 sources of Chest pain?
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1. Cardiovascular
2. Pulmonary 3. Musculoskeletal 4. Referred Pain |
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What type of chest pain is described as heavy, pressure, weight, crushing?
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Cardiac chest pain
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Where is the location of cardiac chest pain?
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Substernal
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Where can cardiac chest pain radiate?
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Neck and left arm
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What are symptoms AW cardiac chest pain?
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Sweating, pale, hypotension
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What is critical to know in cardiac chest pain?
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Age of patient
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What type of chest pain is described as sharp and local and has associated breathing problems?
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Pulmonary Chest pain
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What word means that the pain is worse with inspiration?
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pleuritic
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What is often associated with pulmonary chest pain?
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Lung disease (pneumonia, fever, cough)
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What is the most common cause of chest pain?
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Musculoskeletal
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Where is the pain localized for musculoskeletal chest pain?
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localized to dermatome or muscle group
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What is unique about musculoskeletal chest pain as compared to other types of chest pain?
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The pain is reproducible with motion or palpation
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How is musculoskeletal chest pain described?
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Sharp and achy
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What might someone with musculoskeletal chest pain have a Hx of?
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Trauma
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What are 3 gastrointestinal causes of chest pain?
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Esophagitis
GERD esophageal spasm |
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What is defined as a lack of blood flow to various organs?
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Shock
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What are the clinical signs of Shock?
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Pale
Cool Clammy skin (all due to low BP) Rapid weak pulse Dizzy, faint, confused, unconscious |
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How do you Tx shock?
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ABCDs
Oxygen Fluids 1st Blood if needed |
