Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is urbanisation?
|
the growth in the percentage of a population living and working in urban areas.
|
|
|
Describe the processes of urbanisation
|
Urban settlements occur because of agglomeration. The towns expand outwards (suburbanisation), with a lower density of houses further away from the centre. Agglomeration and suburbanisation cause some towns to turn into cities, sometimes these towns merge together (conurbation.) As the urban settlement becomes more successful, people move out of the city to live in smaller rural settlements (dormitory settlements.) As cities grow bigger people move to smaller cities or rural areas (counterurbanisation.)
|
|
|
What is agglomeration?
|
the concentration of people and economic activities at favourable locations e.g. close to a mineral resource
|
|
|
What is conurbation?
|
towns and cities that are close together in location join together forming a larger built up area
|
|
|
What is counterurbanisation?
|
the movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller cities, towns and rural areas
|
|
|
What is urban regeneration?
|
the investment of the capital in the revival of old, urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding the area
|
|
|
What is suburbanisation?
|
the outward spread of the urban area, often at lower densities compared with the older parts of the town/city
|
|
|
What is the difference between a megacity and a world city?
|
a megacity has a population larger than 10 million whereas world cities are chosen based on power, influence, culture and business relations, as well as other factors.
|
|
|
Why do megacities continue to grow?
|
Economic development - a fast and sustained rate of economic growth
Population growth - large rates of rural-urban migration and natural population increase Economies of scale - communication and transport between people and businesses is easier as there is less distance to travel, which has financial benefits Multiplier effect - success leads to more success |
|
|
What are problems of rapid urbanisation?
|
Housing - there is not enough accommodation for those wanting to live in the city so many are forced to live in shanty towns/squatter settlements.
Access to water and electricity - the demand for basic services can't keep up with the population growth. Transport and congestion - transport is often overcrowded as there are insufficient roads. This overcrowding leads to high levels of atmospheric pollution. Health - there are not enough doctor or hospitals to cope with the population increase. Education - rapid population growth means that there are not enough schools. Employment - many people are unable to find paid work, so they remain unemployed or the become part of the informal sector. Social problems - high crime rates often result from the poor conditions. |
|
|
What are the zones within a city?
|
CBD
Inner city Suburbs Rural-urban fringe |
|
|
What are the two land use models?
|
Burgess model
Hoyt model |
|
|
What is social segregation?
|
the clustering together of people with similar characteristics (class, ethnicity, wealth) into separate residential areas
|
|
|
What is a shanty town?
|
an area of slum housing built of salvaged materials and located either on the city edge or within the city n hazardous ground previously avoided by urban development
|
|
|
What methods can be used to improve shanty towns?
|
Eviction
Security of tenure Site and service Consolidation Aided self-help Social housing |
