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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 9 structures of the respiratory system |
Nasal cavity Sphenoids sinus Nasopharynx Frontal sinus Nose Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles |
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What are the sinuses in this system? |
Pockets |
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What does alveoli in respiratory system allow the exchange of? |
Carbon dioxide for oxygen |
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If the respiratory system is broken down further what is it? |
Respiratroy tract |
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What does the respiratory tract consist of? |
Airways that carry the air to and from the alveoli |
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What are the 2 catergories the respiratory tract can be further broken down into |
The respiratory portion Conducting portion |
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The conducting portion of the respiratory tract is where _______________ travels to and from |
Air |
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The respiratory portion is _____________ ________________ with alveoli |
Air exchange |
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What are the 8 structures that make up the CONDUCTING PORTION of the respiratory tract |
Nose Nasal cavity Sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles |
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What 1 structure makes up the RESPIRATORY PORTION of the respiratory tract |
Alveoli |
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The alveoli are _____________ _____________ ___________________ |
Delicate air sacs |
DAS |
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What structure starts the upper respiratory system |
Pharynx |
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What structure starts the lower repiratory system |
The larynx |
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What are the 6 functions of the respiratory system |
1. Makes an extensive area for gas exchange between air & circulating blood 2. Move air to & from exchange surfaces of lungs 3. Protects resp. Surfaces from dehydration, temp changes, & other environmental variations 4. Defend resp system & other tissues from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms 5. Make sound involved w/ speaking, singing, or nonverbal communication 6. Assist w/ regulation of blood volume, blood pressure & control of body fluid PH |
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What 4 other systems does the functions of the respiratory system perform their functions with |
Cardiovascular system Lymphoid system Skeletal system Nervous system |
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With function of the respiratory sytem #1 what branches out to make big surface area for easy gas exchhange |
Trachea in the bronchus |
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With function #3 of protecting respiratory surfaces, what do we need to ensure when we are inspiring air? |
That the air is free of pollutants |
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What parts of the respiratory system need to stay hydrated (2) |
Nasal cavity Respiratory tract |
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What does the respiratory tract need to do with the temperature of the air |
Warm the air up |
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What structure in the repiratory system removes debris |
Cilia |
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______________ ___________________ are at the level of the larynx |
Vocal cords |
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What are the 2 bodies that work with the cardiovascular & respiratory sytem to control function of respiratory sytem #6 |
Carotid body Aortic body |
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What type of tissue is most of the respiratory tact made up of (2) |
Pseduostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mucous cells |
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What does mucous cells release |
Mucous |
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Where does mucous cells release its mucous in the respiratory tract |
In the lumen |
Hole or opening |
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Name an example of a debris that can get filtered by the mucous in the respiratory tract |
Boogers |
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Where is cilia located in the respiratory sytem |
The trachea |
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Why are the cilia important in the respiratory system |
Because they move the debris |
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Describe what happens with cilia when something is moving down the trachea |
The cilia beats in the opposite direction to move the mucous with the debris upward toward the pharynx |
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When the mucous gets to the pharynx, what are the 2 actions that can be performed? |
1. The mucous can be coughed up 2. The mucous can be swallowed and taken to the digestive system |
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What does the cilia in the respiratory system prevent from getting into the lungs |
Pathogens |
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Although most of the respiratory tract is covered in pseduostratifed ciliated columnar epithelium what are the 2 exceptions |
1. Portions of pharynx have stratified squamous epithelium 2. Alveoli have simple squamous epithelium |
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Name the layers for respiratory epithelium (5) |
Mucous layer Ciliated columnar epithelial cell Mucous cell Stem cell Lamina propria |
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What does mucous cells produce |
Sticky mucus |
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What does sticky mucous ensure gets stuck (2) |
Pathogens Debris |
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What does mucous escalator do |
Moves the mucous in a certain direction WITH debris |
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Does the mucous escalator move in the same direction |
Yes; they beat in the same direction |
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What are the 3 components to the respiratory defense system |
Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Rapid increase in mucus production |
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What is in the nasal cavity that removes particles larger thatn 10 micrometers ( very tiny particles) |
Stiff hairs called vibrissae |
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What are 3 functions the nasal conchae in nasal cavity performs on inhaled air |
1. Filtration 2. Warming 3. Humidification |
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What does the nasopharynx produce to remove smaller particles |
Mucus |
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What causes rapid increase in mucus production |
Exposure to unpleasant stimuli |
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List 4 types of unpleasant stimuli that will cause increase in mucus production |
1. Noxious vapors 2. Large amount of dust & debris 3. Allergens 4. Pathogens |
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What structures in the nasal cavity help with filtration & warming up of air and humidifying air |
Nasal conchae |
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How does nasal conchae warm up air |
Churning of air inside nasal cavity |
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What type of cells will humidify the air that is breathed in |
Mucous cells that make mucous |
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What is located interiorly to the nasal cavity |
The nose |
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How many compartments is the septum divided into |
2 compartments |
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What are the 2 bones that make up the nasal septum |
Top bone is the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid Bottom bone is the vomer |
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What is the anterior part of the nose called |
The nasal vestibule |
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What type of tissue is the nasal vestibule made up of |
Flexible tissues |
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What structures support the flexible tissue of the nasal vestibule |
Cartilage |
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How many cartilages form the nasal vestibule |
8 different cartilages |
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Name the different nasal cartilages that form the nasal vestibule |
2 Lateral nasal cartilages 2 major alar cartilage 4 minor alar cartilages |
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What are the holes of the nose called |
External nares |
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What is the tip of the nose called |
Apex |
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What 3 structures make the nasal conchae |
Superior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Inferior nasal conchae |
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List 3 structures the pharynx connects to |
Nose Mouth Throat |
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What are three regions the pharynx is divided into |
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx |
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What is the nasopharynx the divison between |
The nasal cavity and the pharynx |
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The pharynx is a structure that serves as a connection between the ________ _________ and ____________ |
Nasal cavity Throat |
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What portion of the pharynx is connected to the posterior portion of nasal cavity via the nasal nares |
The superior portion |
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What separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx |
The soft palate |
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What type of epithelium doe sthe nasopharynx have |
Pseudostratifired, ciliated, columnar epithelium |
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What region of the pharynx is close to the oral cavity |
Oropharynx |
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What divides that oropharynx from the laryngopharynx |
The hyoid bone |
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What are the 2 structures that oropharynx connects on |
Top part of oropharynx to the soft palate Bottom part of the oropharynx to the hyoid bone |
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Once there is an exit from the soft palate what type of epithelium is found What other structure is this epithelium similar to |
Stratified squamous epithelium In the oral cavity |
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Why is stratified squamous epithelium found after you leave the soft palate |
It protects the area from the scraping of rough food |
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What is the laryngopharynx a division between |
The larynx and the pharynx |
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Where does laryngopharynx connect to (2) |
Hyoid bone to the beginning of the esophagus |
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What type of epithelium does the laryngopharynx have What is this epithelium continuous with |
Stratified squamous epithelium The esophagus |
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What type of epithelium is found from the soft palate to the esophagus |
Stratified squamous epithelium |
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What happens to debris that enters nasal cavity |
Gets trapped in mucous |
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What happens when debris reaches the trachea (2) |
The goblet cells make sticky mucous to coat the inner lining of it It catches any debris present in inhaled air before it reaches the lungs |
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