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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rhinovirus most contagious time |
1-4 days before the onset of symptoms and 1st 3 days of symptoms |
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Symptoms of rhinovirus |
Rhinorrhea, cough, increased mucus secretions, nasal congestion |
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Action of h1 antagonist |
Competes with histamine for receptor sites and prevents histamine response. Nasopharyngeal sections and itching |
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1st generation antihistamine |
Diphenhydramine |
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1st generation antihistamine side effects |
Anticholinergic s/s, decreased nasal itching and ticking that causes sneezing, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, skin rashes wheezing, disturbed coordination |
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Primary use of diphenhydramine |
Treat acute and allergic rhinitis, pruritus, common cold, sneezing, cough, and to prevent motion sickness |
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Duration of action for diphenhydramine |
4-7 hours |
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Contraindications for diphenhydramine |
Narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, severe liver disease |
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Life threatening adverse reactions of diphenhydramine |
Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, drowsiness, CNS depression is taken with alcohol, narcotics, hypnotics, or barbiturates |
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Half life of diphenhydramine |
2-8 hours |
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2nd generation antihistamine facts |
Less drowsiness than 1st generation, less anticholinergic symptoms |
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2nd generation antihistamine drugs |
Cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine. (Half life of 7-30hrs) Azelastine, astepro. (Half life of 22hrs) |
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Nursing interventions with rhinitis |
Give oral diphenhydramine with food to decrease gastric distress. No driving after administration of drug Avoid alcohol Breast feeding not recommended |
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S/s of antihistamine in children |
Nightmares, nervousness, irritability |
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s/s antihistamine in older adult |
More sensitive to the effects. Confusion, difficult or painful irritation, dizziness, depression, feeling faint, and dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat |
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Nasal decongestant drugs |
Drops/spray - oxymetazoline HCl, phenylephrine HCl Po - pseudonephrine HCl |
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What does nasal decongestants (sympathomometic amines) do |
Produces nasal vascular constriction if capillaries, shrinks nasal mucous membranes, reduces nasal secretions |
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What are nasal decongestants used for |
Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, acute coryza |
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Side effects of nasal decongestants |
Nervousness, restlessness |
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Rebound nasal congestion |
Due to prolonged use, limit use to 3 days or less |
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Interaction with nasal decongestants and other drugs |
Caffeine - increase in restlessness and palpitations MAOI - increase the chance of hypertension or cardiac dysthymia Beta blocker - pseudoephedrine May increase the effect of beta blockers |
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Phenylephrine |
May cause burning, stinging, sneezing, nausea, transit HTN, and headaches |
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Pseudoephedrine (Nasal decongestants) |
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, restlessness, insomnia, palpitations, dysthymia, HTN, tachycardia, photosensitivity, GI distress |
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Tetrahydozoline (Nasal decongestants) |
May cause, transient stinging, sneezing, headache, blurred vision, tachycardia, palpitations |
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Contraindications with Nasal decongestants |
In patients with HTN, cardiac disease, hyperthyroidism, DM |
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Intranasal glucocorticoid and steroids |
Beclomethasone Budesonide Dexamethasone Flunisolide Fluticasone Mometasone Triamcinolone |
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Intranasal glucocorticoid action |
Anti inflammatory, decreases rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion |
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Side effects of intranasal glucocorticoid and steroid |
Drowsiness, dizziness, nervousness, gi distress, dryness off nasal mucosa with continuous use |
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Antitussive drugs |
Nonopioid- benzonatate Opioid- codeine Combination- guaifenesin and dextromethorphan |
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Antitussive action |
Use in no productive cough by Acting on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex |
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Expectorants |
Loosens bronchial secretions by reducing surface tension of secretions allowing elimination by cough |
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Expectorant drug |
Guaifenesin |
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Side effect of expectorants |
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, irritability, n/v, diarrhea |
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Sinusitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of sinuses, treated with decongestants, acetaminophen, fluids, rest, antibiotic if severe |
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Pharyngitis |
Inflammation of the throat s/s: Fever and cough. Throat culture to rule out step Treated with: saline gargles, lozenges, increase fluid, acetaminophen |
