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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some key characteristics of epistaxis (nosebleed)?
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- anterior occurs most in children, young adults. self-treated and stops spontaneously
- posterior occurs most in adults. May require treatment (cauterization, nose packing) - First Aid: sit leaning forward, apply pressure for 10-15 min, cold packs to nose or back of neck -Prevention: quit smoking, use humidifier if heater is on, open mouth when sneezing. |
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What are some key characteristics of influenza?
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- 2 Types: A and B
- significant mortality rate: about 20,000 deaths/year in US - Prevention: vaccination is best way (esp for vulnerable) and hand washing - Symptoms: chills, fever, aches & pains, headache, cough, runny nose, sore throat, N&V, malaise and weakness - Treatment: no cure, just tylenol, rest, increased fluids, treatment of symptoms, antivirals within 24-48 hrs, antibiotics only if secondary bacterial infection develops as result of flu |
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What are some key characteristics of sinusitis?
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- one of most common medical conditions
- may occur in maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, or sphenoid sinuses - Symptoms: pain, tenderness, swelling over infected sinus, yellow or green pus from nose, fever and chills Chronic: nasal obstruction d/t fluid, nasal congestion, post-nasal drip, colored discharge and decreased sense of smell, generalized malaise - Treatment: remove cause if it is allergens, decongestants, corticosteroids, and mucolytics to improve drainage and symptoms, steam vaporizer, hot shower, antibiotics for infection, surgery if all else fails (Caldwell-Luc (maxillary sinus) or Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) through the nose) |
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What are some key characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
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- blockage of airway, usually when soft tissue in rear of throat collapses and closes during sleep
- wakes up tired, irritable, cranky, with sore throat, morning headache (lack of O2 to brain), insomnia - Diagnosis: confirmed by sleep studies, requires multiple episodes of apnea - Treatment: CPAP, weight los, gastric bypass |
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What are some key characteristics of head and neck cancer?
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- assess for onset and duration of symptoms, pain to the ear, difficulty breathing and swallowing, blood in expectorant
- Risk Factors: tobacco/alcohol/marijuana use, voice abuse, chronic laryngitis, exposure to chemicals/dust, neglect of oral hygiene, increase in age (men), HPV - Symptoms: often detected early bc it can cause hoarseness - Diagnosis: physical exam, indirect or direct larygoscopy, CT scan, biopsy - Treatment: radiation, chemo, surgery (radical neck dissection to remove lymph nodes) - Speech Therapy: esophageal speech, artificial larynx, tracheoesophageal speech (electrical device) |
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What are some key characteristics of Facial Injuries?
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- ensure adequate airway
- cervical spine precautions - control bleeding with careful direct pressure - protect open wounds - watch for CSF leaking from nose (rhinorrhea), eyes (otorrhea), halo sign (blood collects in center and yellow fluid encircles, damage to dura mater |
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What are some key characteristics of facial trauma?
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- can be to nose, eyes, cheek (maxillary), jaw (mandible), and teeth
- adm. normal saline with large bore IV to prevent hypotension - assess for leaking CSF from nose, ears, eyes (but don't occlude drainage d/t increased risk of infection) - apply cool packs to reduce edema |
