Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DEFLECTION OF NORMALLY STRAIGHT SEPTUM CAUSED BY TRAUMA OR GENETICS
|
DEVIATED SEPTUM
|
|
|
DEVIATED SEPTUM IS TREATED BY:
|
NASAL ALLERGY CONTROL OR SEPTOPLASTY
|
|
|
THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONSISTS OF THE
|
NOSE, NOSTRILS, NASAL CAVITY, MOUTH, PHARYNX, LARYNX
|
|
|
OCCURS IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS.
STOPS SPONTANEOUSLY OR CAN BE SELF-TREATED |
ANTERIOR NOSE BLEED
|
|
|
OCCURS IN OLDER ADULTS
USUALLY NEEDS MEDICAL ATTENTION |
POSTERIOR NOSE BLEED
|
|
|
POSTERIOR NOSE BLEED IS TREATED BY
|
NASAL PACKING WITH AN ANALGESIC AND ANTIBIOTIC. USUALLY LEFT IN PLACE FOR 3 DAYS
|
|
|
POSTERIOR NOSE BLEED IS ALSO TREATED BY
|
CAUTERIZATION
|
|
|
SIMPLE FIRST AID FOR NOSE BLEED
|
1. KEEP PATIENT QUIET
2. SITTING UP AND LEANING FORWARD, OR HIGH FOWLERS. 3. APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO LOWER, SOFT PORTION OF NOSE 4.APPLY ICE COMPRESSIONS TO NOSE 5. PARTIALLY INSERT SMALL GAUZE AND APPLY DIGITAL PRESSURE IF BLEEDING DOES NOT STOP. 6. OBTAIN MEDICAL ASSISTANT IF BLEEDING DOES NOT STOP 7. OBSERVE FOR 45-60 MINUTES AFTER BLEEDING STOPS |
|
|
PREVENTION OF NOSE BLEEDS
|
KEEP FINGERNAILS SHORT
HUMIDIFIER AT NIGHT QUIT SMOKING OPEN MOUTH WHEN SNEEZING |
|
|
AFTER NOSE BLEEDING
|
-AVOID VIGOROUS NOSE BLEEDING, STRENUOUS ACTIVITY, LIFTING AND STRAINING FOR 4-6 WEEKS.
-SNEEZE WITH MOUTH OPEN -AVOID USE OF NSAIDS |
|
|
FLU CAUSES ABOUT DEATHS PER YEAR
|
36,000
|
|
|
WHAT GROUP OF PEOPLE ARE MOST LIKELY TO SUCCUMB TO THE FLU
|
AGE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 YRS OR WITH CHRONIC HEART OR LUNG DISEASE
|
|
|
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FLU. TYPE AND TYPE
AND THERE ARE MANY STRAINS IN EACH |
A AND B
|
|
|
THE FLU IS DIFFERENT FROM THE COMMON COLD BC
|
THE SYMPTOMS ARE MORE SEVERE AND IT AFFECTS A LOWER PORTION OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT.
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO AVOID CONTRACTING THE FLU?
|
VACCINATION
|
|
|
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF VACCINATION
|
ACTIVE AND INACTIVE
|
|
|
PEOPLE OLDER THAN 50 YRS OR HIGH RISK SHOULD RECEIVE THE
FLU VACCINE |
INACTIVE
|
|
|
PEOPLE AGES 5-49 YRS OF AGE, HEALTHY AND NOT PREGNANT RECEIVE THE FLU VACCINE
|
ACTIVE
|
|
|
WHAT ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THE FLU VACCINE
|
ALLERGY TO EGGS AND GUILLIANE BARRE SYNDROME
|
|
|
INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR THE FLU
|
OVER 50 YRS
CHRONIC CARDIAC/PULM DISEASE LONG TERM CARE FACILITY 2ND OR 3RD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY HEALTH CARE WORKERS |
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA
|
COUGH
FEVER MYAGLIA HEADACHE SORE THROAT CHILLS NAUSEA AND VOMITING |
|
|
COMPLICATED CASES OF THE FLU INCLUDE
|
DYSPNEA AND DIFFUSE CRACKLES
|
|
|
UNCOMPLICATED CASES OF THE FLU
|
SYMPTOMS SUBSIDE WITHIN 7 DAYS
|
|
|
SYMMETREL AND FLUMADINE ARE USED
|
PROPHYLACTICALLY
|
|
|
RELENZA (INHALER) AND TAMIFLU (ORAL) ARE USED TO
|
PROPHYLACTICALLY AND TO SHORTEN DURATION OF SYMPTOMS
|
|
|
UNLESS AT HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS WITH THE FLU MERELY NEED
|
TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMS
|
|
|
IT'S IMPORTANT TO PREVENT
IN THE FLU |
SECONDARY PNEUMONIA
|
|
|
THESE SHORTEN THE CORSE OF INFLUENZA, STOP THE VIRUS FROM SPREADING AND DECREASE SYMPTOMS
|
ANTIVIRALS
|
|
|
WHAT IS GIVEN IF SECONDARY BACTERIAL INFECTION OCCURS
|
ANTIBIOTICS
|
|
|
NASAL FRACTURE CAN BE PREVENTED
|
BY PROTECTIVE SPORTS EQUIPMENT OR PREVENTION OF FALLS
|
|
|
COMPLICATIONS OF A NASAL FRACTURE
|
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
EPISTAXIS MENINGAL TEARS SEPTAL HEMATOMA COSMETIC DEFORMITY |
|
|
TYPES OF NASAL FRACTURE
|
UNILATERAL
BILATERAL COMPLEX |
|
|
UNILATERAL FRACTURE
|
LITTLE OR NO DISPLACEMENT
|
|
|
BILATERAL FRACTURE
|
FLATTENED NOSE
MOST COMMON TYPE OF FRACTURE |
|
|
COMPLEX FRACTURE
|
FRONTAL BLOW
|
|
|
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF NASAL FRACTURE
|
ASSESS ABILITY TO BREATHE
LOOK FOR SEPTAL DEVIATION HEMORRHAGE OR CSF MAINTAIN AIRWAY DECREASE EDEMA PREVENT COMPLICATIONS EMOTIONAL SUPPORT UPRIGHT POSITION APPLY ICE |
|
|
SURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NOSE
|
RHINOPLASTY
|
|
|
BEFORE THE CLIENT UNDERGOES RHINOPLASTY THE NURSE SHOULD
|
ASSESS THE PATIENTS EXPECTATIONS OF SURGERY
ASSESS PATIENTS BODY IMAGE EXPLAIN THE OUTCOME OF THE SURGERY FRANKLY SO THAT THE PATIENT IS NOT DISAPPOINTED |
|
|
RHINOPLASTY IS AN
|
OUTPATIENT PROCEDURE
|
|
|
NASAL PACKING IS REMOVED WHEN AFTER RHINOPLASTY
|
THE NEXT DAY
|
|
|
NASAL SPLINTS ARE REMOVED
|
3 TO 5 DAYS AFTER RHINOPLASTY
|
|
|
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENT UNDERGOING RHINOPLASTY
|
NO ASPIRIN/NSAIDS 2 WEEKS PRIOR
MAINTAIN AIRWAY RESPIRATORY STATUS PAIN MANAGEMENT OBSERVE SURGICAL SITE TEACH TO DETECT COMPLICATIONS AT HOME |
|
|
DEVELOPS WHEN THE EXIT FROM THE SINUSES ARE NARROWED OR BLOCKED BY INFLAMMATION. THE SECRETIONS ACCUMULATE BEHIND OBSTRUCTION AND GROWTH OF BACTERIA, VIRUS AND FUNGI OCCUR
|
SINUSITIS
|
|
|
HOW MANY PEOPLE SUFFER FROM SINUSITIS EACH YEAR?
|
10-15 MILLION
|
|
|
CAN OCCUR IN ANY OF THE 4 SINUSES
|
ETHMOID, FRONTAL, MAXILLARY, SPHENOID
|
|
|
ACUTE SINUSITIS RESULTS FROM
|
SWIMMING, DENTAL MANIPULATION, URI, ALLERGIC RHINITIS
|
|
|
CHRONIC SINUSITIS IS CAUSED BY
|
NASAL ALLERGIES AND NASAL POLYPS
|
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE SINUSITIS
|
NASAL OBSTRUCTION
PAIN, TENDERNESS & SWELLING OVER AFFECTED SINUSES PURULENT DISCHARGE FEVER AND CHILLS CONGESTION MALAISE |
|
|
IN ACUTE SINUSITIS THE NURSE SHOULD ASSESS FOR
|
CHANGES IN VISION OR SWELLING AROUND THE EYES
|
|
|
MOST PEOPLE WITH ASTHMA SUFFER FROM
|
SINUSITIS
|
|
|
CHRONIC SINUSITIS LASTS LONGER THAN
|
3 WEEKS
|
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS
|
MIMIC THOSE SEEN IN ALLERGIES INCLUDING NASAL OBSTRUCTION, CONGESTION, INCREASED DRAINAGE
NO SEVERE PAIN/PURULENT DRAINAGE |
|
|
HOW IS CHRONIC SINUSITIS DX
|
CT SCAN, X-RAY OR NASAL ENDOSCOPY
|
|
|
TREATMENT OF SINUSITIS INCLUDES
|
IMPROVE DRAINAGE WITH DECONGESTANTS, MUCOLYTICS AND CORTICOSTERIODS
|
|
|
IF ALLERGIES ARE THE CAUSE OF SINUSITIS
|
REMOVE CAUSE OF ALLERGIES
|
|
|
TREATMENT OF ACUTE SINUSITIS INCLUDES
|
ANTIBIOTICS (AMOXYCILLIN, BACTRIM OR ERYTHROMYCIN FOR 10-14 DAYS
|
|
|
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS
|
BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR 4-6 WEEKS
|
|
|
WAYS TO IMPROVE SINUS DRAINAGE
|
DECONGESTANTS
CORTICOSTEROIDS MUCOLYTICS STEAM VAPORIZER HOT SHOWERS HUMIDIFIER NASAL SALINE SPRAY |
|
|
IF MEDICINAL THERAPY DOES NOT WORK FOR CHRONIC SINUSITIS
|
NASAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY IS INDICATED TO REPAIR DEVIATED SEPTUM
|
|
|
INCREASE FLUIDS
|
TO LOOSEN SECRETIONS
|
|
|
PARTIAL OR UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION DURING SLEEP
|
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
|
|
|
OSA OCCURS MORE IN
|
MEN THAN WOMEN
|
|
|
CESSATION OF SPONTANEOUS RESPIRATIONS LASTING LONGER THAN 20 SECONDS
|
APNEA
|
|
|
APNEA CAUSES
|
HYPOXEMIA AND HYPERCAPNIA
|
|
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OSA
|
FREQUENT AWAKENING AT NIGHT
INSOMNIA DAYTIME SLEEPINESS OBSERVED EPISODES OF BREATHING CESSATION DURING SLEEP DRY MOUTH SORE THROAT MORNING HEADACHE (HYPERCAPNIA CAUSES VASODILATION OF CEREBRAL VESSELS) LOUD SNORING |
|
|
WHAT IS USED TO DIAGNOSE SLEEP APNEA
|
POLYSOMNOGRAPHY
|
|
|
DIAGNOSIS OF SLEEP APNEA REQUIRES
|
DOCUMENTATION OF APNEIC EVENTS (10 EVENTS AN HOUR)
|
|
|
COMPICATIONS OF SLEEP APNEA
|
HYPERTENSION
RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE CARDIAC DSRHYTHMIAS |
|
|
MILD SLEEP APNEA TREATMENT
|
AVOID SEDATIVES/ALCOHOL 3 TO 4 HOURS BEFORE SLEEP
WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM ORAL APPLIANCES TO KEEP AIRWAY OPEN |
|
|
MODERATE TO SEVERE APNEA TREATMENT
|
CPAP
BIPAP SURGERY MAY BE REQUIRED UPPP OR GAHM |
|
|
UPPP
|
REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTING TISSUE (TONSILS, PALATE, UVULA)
|
|
|
GAHM
|
ADVANCING ATTACHMENT OF THE MUSCULAR PART OF THE TONGUE ON THE MANDIBLE (MOST LIKELY DONE WITH A UPPP)
|
|
|
RISK FACTORS FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCER
|
>50 YRS
PROLONGED USE OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO DIET POOR IN FRUIT AND VEG HPV INFECTION GREATER IN MALES (2 TO 5 TIMES) PROLONGED USE OF OTC MEDS FOR SORE THROAT, DECONGESTANTS CHRONIC LARYNGITIS INDUSTRIAL CHEM/HARDWOOD DUST VOICE ABUSE MARIJUANA USE |
|
|
WHAT IS AN EARLY SYMPTOM OF LARYNGEAL CANCER
|
HOARSENESS
|
|
|
SYMPTOM OF LARYNGEAL CANCER
|
LUMP IN THROAT
|
|
|
LATE STAGES OF LARYNGEAL CANCER
|
PAIN
DYSPHAGIA DECREASED MOBILITY OF THE TONGUE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION CRANIAL NERVE NEUROPATHIS |
|
|
LARYNX AND VOCAL CORDS ARE VISUALLY INSPECTED FOR LESIONS AND TISSUE MOBILITY
|
LARYNGOSCOPY
|
|
|
USED TO DETECT LOCAL OR REGIONAL SPREAD
|
CT SCAN OR MRI
|
|
|
TO DETERMINE EXTENT OF CANCER
|
BIOPSY
|
|
|
STAGING
|
T-TUMOR SIZE
N-NODES INVOLVED M-EVENTS OF METASTIC |
|
|
USED TO CURE EARLY STAGES OF CANCER, SUCH AS VOCAL CORD LESIONS
|
RADIATION
|
|
|
BEING INVESTIGATED FOR LATER STAGES
|
CHEMOTHERAPY
|
|
|
SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY
|
NAUSE VOMITING
LOSS OF HAIR MOUTH SORES DECREASED BLOOD COUNT INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION |
|
|
REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES ABOVE THE TRUE CORDS-FALSE CORDS AND EPIGLOTTIS
AT HIGH RISK FOR ASPIRATION TEMPORARY TRACH |
SUPRAGLOTTIC LARYNGECTOMY
|
|
|
PARTIAL REMOVAL OF ONE VOCAL CORD
|
CORDECTOMY
|
|
|
REMOVAL OF ONE VOCAL CORD AND REQUIRES TRACH
|
HEMILARYNGECTOMY
|
|
|
ADVANCED LESIONS
PERMANENT TRACH |
TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY
|
|
|
EXCISION OF THE CERVICAL NODES FROM THE CLAVICLE TO THE MANDIBLE, THE STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE, THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN, AND THE ACCESSORY NERVE
DECREASES LYMPHATIC SPREAD |
RADICAL NECK DISSECTION
|
|
|
RESULTS IN SIGNIFICANT CO-MORBIDITY FOR THE PATIENT (LEADING TO SHOULDER PAIN AND A REDUCED RANGE OF UPPER LIMB MOVEMENT AS WELL AS POOR COSMESIS OR APPEARANCE)
|
RADICAL NECK DISSECTION
|
|
|
IS THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE TO RADICAL NECK DISSECTION. THE DISSECTION SPARES AS MANY STRUCTURES AS POSSIBLE TO LIMIT DISFIGUREMENT AND FUNCTIONAL LOSS (PRESERVE NERVES AND MUSCLES)
|
MODIFIED RADICAL NECK DISSECTION
|
|
|
INVOLVES PRESERVING ONE OF MORE OF THE LYMPH NODES
|
SELECTIVE NECK DISSECTION
|
|
|
BRACHYTHERAPY
|
LOCALIZED RADIATION PLACED NEAR OR INTO TUMOR
|
