Upper Limb 3

Front 1

Supraglenoid tubercle

Back 1

Superior tubercle of g. cavity

Front 2

Infraglenoid tubercle

Back 2

Inferior tubercle of g. cavity

Front 3

Capitulum

Back 3

Lateral articular surface for head of radius (rounded)

Front 4

Trochlea

Back 4

Medial articular surface for ulna

Front 5

Coronoid fossa

Back 5

Superior to trochlea (medial), anterior surface of humerus

Receives *** process of ulna during flexion of elbow

Front 6

Radial fossa

Back 6

Superior to capitulum, anterior surface of humerus

Receives *** head during flexion of elbow

Front 7

Radial groove

Back 7

Posterior surface of humerus for passage of *** nerve and deep brachial artery

Front 8

Olecranon fossa

Back 8

Posterior surface of distal humerus

Accommodates olecranon process of ulna during extension

Front 9

Ulnar groove

Back 9

Posterior aspect of medial epicondyle; allows passage of *** nerve

Common site for nerve impingement

Front 10

Superficial veins of upper limb

Back 10

Located within subcutaneous tissue (easily visible)

Front 11

Deep veins of upper limb

Back 11

Accompany arteries

Generally paired (venae communicantes); pulsating arteries help propel venous blood toward heart

Front 12

Fascia of arm

Back 12

Brachial fascia is extension of deltoid, pectoral, and axillary fascia

Continues distally into forearm as antebrachial fascia

Front 13

Cephalic vein

Back 13

Superficial vein that ascends anterior lateral aspect of arm

Courses through deltopectoral triangle, joins axillary vein (deep vein)

Front 14

Deltopectoral triangle

Back 14

Bound by clavicle, pec major, and delt

Cephalic vein passes through

Front 15

Basilic vein

Back 15

Superficial vein that ascends anterior medial aspect of arm

Pierces brachial fascia in middle of arm to join brachail vein (deep vein)

Front 16

Median cubital vein

Back 16

Basilic and cephalic vein communicate with this vein anterior to the elbow

Common site for phlebotomy

Front 17

Medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Back 17

Strong dividers that arise from brachial fascia and attach to shaft of humerus

Divide arm into anterior flexors and posterior extensors

Front 18

All muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by...

Back 18

Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 19

Muscles of the anterior arm compartment

Back 19

1. Biceps brachii (long and short heads)
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis

Front 20

Biceps brachii

Back 20

Short head originates from coracoid process

Long head originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Inserts into radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis

Crosses both shoulder and elbow joint: flexes shoulder and flexes forearm; supinator of forearm

Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve (c5/c6)

Front 21

Popeye deformity

Back 21

Rupture of long head of biceps due to wear and tear or prolonged tendonitis

Forms ball near center of anterior arm

Front 22

Brachialis

Back 22

Deep to biceps

Originates: distal humerus
Inserts: proximal ulna (ulnar tuberosity)
Action: primary flexor of forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous (c5/c6)

Front 23

Coracobrachialis

Back 23

Origin: coracoid process
Inserts: middle third of humerus
Action: flexor and adductor of arm
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (c5/c6), which pierces muscle

Front 24

Musculocutaneous nerve courses...

Back 24

Courses into forearm as lateral cutaneous (or antebrachial) nerve of the forearm- sensory nerve to the skin on the lateral aspect of the forearm

Front 25

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

Back 25

Sensory nerve to skin on lateral aspect of forearm c5/c6/c7

Comes from musculocutaneous nerve

Front 26

Arm vasculature pathway

Back 26

Subclavian artery --> pass first rib to become axillary artery --> past teres major to become brachial artery --> divides beneath bicipital aponeurosis into radial and ulnar arteries --> form arches in hand (superficial and deep) to vascularize hand

Front 27

Brachial artery

Back 27

Main arterial supply to arm and humerus

Accompanies median nerve

Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at bicipital aponeurosis (occasionally splits off higher)

Front 28

Branches of brachial artery

Back 28

1. Deep (profunda) brachial artery
2. Superior ulnar collateral artery
3. Inferior ulnar collateral artery

-->Anastomoses around elbow joint
-->Brachial artery can be ligated distal to profunda and still get collateral circulation

Front 29

Deep brachial artery

Back 29

AKA profunda
Branch of brachial artery
Follows radial nerve
Continues as radial and middle collateral arteries

Front 30

Superior ulnar collateral artery

Back 30

Branch of brachial artery
Accompanies ulnar nerve

Front 31

Inferior ulnar collateral artery

Back 31

Branch of brachial artery
Most inferior
Anastomoses around elbow joint

Front 32

Posterior compartment of the arm innervated by...

Back 32

Innervated by radial nerve

Front 33

Triceps Brachii

Back 33

One muscle in posterior compartment

3 heads: long, lateral, and medial
Long: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral: posterior humerus superior to radial groove
Medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
Inserts in olecranon process of ulna
Prime extensor of forearm
Innervated by radial nerve C6/7/8

Front 34

Radial nerve

Back 34

Terminal branch of posterior cord; found in triangular interval

Courses through posterior compartment in radial groove beside deep brachial artery

Gives rise to posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm--> sensation to skin along poster aspect of upper limb

Divides into superficial and deep branches

Front 35

Mid-shaft humeral fractures

Back 35

Often damage radial nerve

Result from direct trauma

See wrist drop due to loss of innervation of extensors

Front 36

E.C. fluid that cannot re-enter venous blood stream via capillaries enters via

Back 36

Lymphatic system

Front 37

Superficial structures drain from skin and subcutaneous tissues and course along

Back 37

Cephalic and basilic veins (superficial veins)

Front 38

Deep lymphatic vessels drain lymph from....

Back 38

Joints, muscles, and bones (deep structure)

Accompanies deep veins

Front 39

Right side of body- lymphatic pathway

Back 39

Passes through right lymphatic duct and joins subclavian

Front 40

Left side of body- lymphatic pathway

Back 40

Passes through thoracic duct into subclavian vein

Front 41

Glenohumeral joint

Back 41

Ball-and-socket

Features: glenoid labrum - stability and deepens cavity; rotator cuff - stability

Supported by glenohumeral ligaments superiorly, middle, and anteriorly but poorly supported inferiorly

Also supported by coracoacromial ligament and rotator cuff

Front 42

Glenoid labrum

Back 42

Fibrocartilagenous ring that surrounds and deepens the glenoid cavity for stability

Front 43

Transverse humeral ligament

Back 43

Holds long head of bicep tendon in bicipital groove of humerus

(Long head of bicep inserts in supraglenoid process)

Front 44

Shoulder dislocations (glenohumeral dislocation)

Back 44

Most common in anterior-inferior direction

Often tears labrum, anterior joint capsule, and subscapularis tendon

Often ends up beneath coracoid process (sub-coracoid)

Once dislocated, susceptible again

Front 45

Cutaneous nerves

Back 45

Nerves that convey sensory info back toward spinal cord in regional manner

May overlap several nearby dermatomes

Ex. cutaneous nerves of the posterior arm (from radial nerve) convey info back from c6/c7/c8 dermatomes

Front 46

Loss sensation in lateral aspect arm
Muscle weakness in flexion and supination of arm

Back 46

Damaged musculocutaneous nerve