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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trapezius |
A superficial muscle of pectoral girdle, triangular, and a large back muscle. Origin: Superior Nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinal process of C7 to T12 Insertion: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, scapular spine, and acromion Action: Elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward; extend and bends neck laterally when the shoulder is fixed. |
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Levator Scapulae |
Intermediate layer of the pectoral girdle. Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4 Insertion: Upper 1/4 of vertebral border of the scapula Action: Elevates scapula, slight medial rotation, extends and bends neck laterally |
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Rhomboideus Minor |
Below the levator scapulae and above the rhomboideus major. Sole action is on scapula. In the intermediate layer of the pectoral girdle Origin: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spinal processes of C7-T1 Insertion: Mid-portion of vertebral border of scapula Action: Adducts Scapula (retract), slight medial rotation, depress shoulder |
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Rhomboideus Major |
In the intermediate layer of the pectoral girdle. Below the Rhomboideus minor. Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5 Insertion: Lower 1/2 of vertebral border of scapula Action: Adducts scapula (retract), slight medial rotation, depresses shoulder. |
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Pectoralis Minor |
Above (deeper) that the pectoralis major. Anterior part of the pectoral girdle. Important blood vessels and nerves go under. Origin: Superior margins of ribs (2)3-5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula. Action: Depresses and protracts shoulder; downward scapular rotation. |
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Subclavius |
Anterior part of the pectoral girdle. Underneath the clavicle. Origin: Medial portion of 1st rib and costal cartilage Insertion: Subclavian groove of the clavicle Action: Draws the shoulder downward (depresses clavicle) |
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Serratus Anterior |
Anterior part of the pectoral girdle. A zig zag shape. Origin: Muscular digitations from anterior and superior aspect of first 8/9 ribs Insertion: Medial border of the scapula Action: Abduction of vertebral border of scapula (protraction); lateral rotation of the scapula. |
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Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle |
Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Rhomboideus Minor/major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior. (7 on each side) |
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Pectoralis Major |
Chest. Arm Mover Origin: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of true ribs Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of arm. |
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Coracobrachialis |
Near axillary. Arm mover Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Medial margin of shaft of humerus Action: Flexion and adduction of arm |
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Deltoid |
Shoulder. Continues where the trapezius left off. Multipennate, force producer. Arm mover. Origin: Clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: Whole muscle abducts the arm; may flex extend and rotate the arm as well. |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
Midback, overlaps with the trapezius. It is an arm mover. Origin: Spinous process of T6-T12 and all lumbar and sacral vertebrae; ribs 8-12; thoraculumbar fascia. Insertion: Lower portion of inter-tubercular groove of humerus. Action: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm, draws shoulders back and downward (good posture) |
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Teres Major |
An arm mover and in inferior to Teres Minor. Origin: Inferior angle of the scapula Insertion: Medial lip of inter-tubercular groove of humerus. Action: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus. |
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Biceps Brachii |
Moves the forearm. Origin: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Short Head: Coracoid process of the scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity and deep fascia of the forearm Action: Flexion and supination of forearm; weak flexor |
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Brachialis |
Moves the forearm. Underneath the biceps brachii and right against the humerus. This is almost continuous with the deltoid muscle Origin: Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of the humerus Insertion: Tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna Action: Flexion of the forearm |
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Triceps Brachii |
Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: proximal posterior shaft of humerus Medial head: posterior mid-shaft of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: Extension of forearm; long head adducts arm |
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Supraspinatus |
Part of the Rotator Cuff. Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: Superior portion of greater tubercle of humerus Action: 10-15 degrees of abduction of the arm |
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Infraspinatus |
Part of the rotator cuff. Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: Posterior mid portion of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: Lateral rotation, may assist is adduction of the arm. |
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Teres Minor |
Part of the rotator cuff. Origin: Axillary border of scapula Insertion: Posterior inferior portion of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: Lateral rotation and adduction of the arm. |
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Subscapularis |
Part of the rotator cuff. Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula. Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Medial rotation and adduction of the arm. |
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Muscles in the rotator cuff |
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis |
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Muscles that move the arm |
Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, teres major, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii |
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Pronator teres |
1st layer (superficial) of the anterior forearm. Most lateral. Starts from medial side and crosses over to the lateral side. Insertion: Middle portion of shaft of radius on the lateral side Action: Pronation of the forearm and assists in flexion of the elbow |
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Flexor carpi radialis |
1st layer (superficial) of the anterior forearm. Beside the pronator teres, and would follow the path of middle finger of hand on forearm. Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal (palmar surface) Action: Flexion and abduction of the hand |
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Palmaris longus |
1st layer (superficial) of the anterior forearm. Beside flexor carpi radialis. 2nd most medial. Insertion: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis. Action: Flexes the hand and tightens the palmar aponeurosis |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris |
1st layer (superficial) of the anterior forearm. Most medial. Insertion: Base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, and hook of hamate. Action: Flexion and adduction of hand. |
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1st layer of forearm muscles |
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis |
2nd layer of the anterior forearm muscles. Very wide and can be seen underneath the 1st layer of the forearm muscles. Insertion: Shaft of middle phalanx of digits 2-5 Action: Flexion of digits 2-5 at the MP and PIP joints; flexes wrist |
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2nd layer of the anterior forearm muscle |
Flexor digitorum superficialis |
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Flexor digitorum profundus |
3rd layer of the anterior forearm muscles. Medial Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5 Action: Flexes digits 2-5 at DIP joint; flexes hand. |
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Flexor Pollicis longus |
3rd layer of the anterior forearm muscles. Bipennate muscle. Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action: Flexes distal phalanx at thumb |
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Muscles in 3rd layer of the anterior forearm |
Flexor digitorum profundus, and Flexor Pollicis longus |
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Pronator Quadratus |
4th layer of the anterior forearm muscles. On the radius and ulna. Right above the wrist Insertion: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius Action: pronates forearm. |
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Brachioradialis |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Most lateral muscle. Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of the radius Action: Flexes the forearm |
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Extensor Carpi radialis longus |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. medial to the brachioradialis. Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal on the dorsal surface. Action: Extension and abduction of the hand |
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Extensor Carpi radialis brevis |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. medial to the Extensor Carpi radialis longus. Insertion: Base of the 3rd metacarpal on the dorsal surface. Action: Extension and abduction of the hand. |
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Extensor digitorum communis |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Medial to the Extensor Carpi radialis brevis. Insertion: Extensor expansions of digits 2-5 Action: Extension of the hand and MP joints of Digits 2-5 |
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Extensor digiti minimi |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Medial to Extensor digitorum communis. Insertion: Extensor expansion of 5th digit Action: Extends 5th digit at MP, PIP, and DIP joints. |
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Extensor Carpi ulnaris |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Medial to the Extensor digiti minimi. Insertion: Base of the 5th metacarpal bone Action: Extension and adduction of the hand. |
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Anconeus |
Superficial layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Little triangle. Most medial (so above the pinky). Insertion: Olecranon, proximal 1/4 of shaft of ulna Action: Extends the forearm |
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Muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm |
Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi radialis longus, Extensor Carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum communis, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor Carpi ulnaris, and Anconeus |
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Supinator |
2nd layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Below the anconeus. Insertion: proximal 1/3 anterolateral shaft of radius. Action: Supinates the forearm |
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Abductor pollicis longus |
2nd layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Begins below the supinator. Insertion: Base of the 1st metacarpal Action: Abducts the thumb and hand. |
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Extensor pollicis brevis |
2nd layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Beside and medial to the lower part of Abductor pollicis longus. Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Action: Extends 1st phalanx of thumb and abducts the hand. |
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Extensor pollicis longus |
2nd layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Below and medial to Extensor pollicis brevis. Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action: Extends thumb at MP and IP joints and abducts the hand. |
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Extensor Indicis |
2nd layer of the posterior forearm muscles. Below and medial to Extensor pollicis longus. Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit. Action: Extends 2nd digit and assists in extension of the hand. |
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Muscles in the 2nd layer of the posterior forearm |
Supinator, Abductor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus, and Extensor Indicis. |
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Fascia of the wrist |
Antebrachial fascia, flexor retinaculum, and extensor retinaculum. |
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Antebrachial fascia |
The fascia on the anterior part of the wrist, and it turns into the Extensor retinaculum in the posterior side of the wrist |
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flexor retinaculum |
Below the Antebrachial fascia (closer to the palm) and is boomerang shaped. |
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Extensor retinaculum |
The fascia on the posterior part of the wrist, and it turns into the antebrachial fascia on the anterior side of the wrist. |
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Abductor pollicis brevis |
Part of the thenar eminence of the hand, and is in the 1st layer of muscles. Extends form the tuberosity of the schaphoid; ridge of trapezium to the base of 1st phalanx Action: Abducts thumb |
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Flexor pollicis brevis. |
Part of the thenar eminence of the hand, and is in the 1st layer of muscles.Extends from the trans carpal ligament and the trapezium to the 1st phalanx, lateral surface of the thumb Action: Flexes and adducts the thumb |
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Opponens pollicis |
Part of the thenar eminence of the hand, and is in the 2nd layer of muscles. Extends to from the trapezium and trans carpal ligament to length of the metacarpal bone of thumb of the radial surface. |
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Adductor Pollicis |
Part of the thenar eminence of the hand, and is in the 3rd layer of muscles. This muscle has 2 heads: Transverse head: body of te 3rd metacarpal, anterior wb between the thumb and the 1st finger. Oblique head: capitate to base of 2nd/3rd metacarpal. Action: Adducts the thumb |
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Muscles in the Thenar eminence of the hand |
Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis,, opponens pollicis, and adductor pollicis. |
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Abductor digiti minimi |
Part of the hypthenar eminence. On the outside of the hand. Action: Abducts the 5th digit |
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Flexor digiti minimi |
Part of the hypthenar eminence. Anterior to the abductor digiti minimi. Action: flexion of the 5th digit |
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Opponens digiti minimi |
Part of the hypthenar eminence. Wide. Spans the length of the metacarpals. Action:Adduction, flexion, and rotation of the 5th digit |
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Muscles in the hypthenar eminence of the hand |
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi |
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Lumbricals of the hand |
Part of the central part of the hand. 4 of these and they come off of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and attach to extensor expansions. 1 and 2 are unipennate and 3 and 4 are bipennate. Action: Flexes digits at the MP joint and extends IP joints |
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Palmar interossei |
Part of the central part of the hand. There are 3 of them in each hand on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metacarpal. There are only 3 because the middle finger is already at the midline. Action: Adducts digits towards axial line; assists lumbricals in flexion of the MP joints and extension of the IP joints. |
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Dorsal Interossei |
These are part of the central part of the hand, and there are 4 of them on each hand. There are 2 on the middle finger, one for the index, and one for the ring finger. Bipennate. Action: Abducts digits from axial line and act with lumbricals to flex the MP joints and extend the IP joints. |
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Muscles in the Central part of the hand |
Lumbricals, palmar interossei, and dorsal interossei |
