Upper Extremity Joints

Front 1

Fn of synovial membrane

Back 1

secretes synovial fluid

Front 2

Fn of synovial fluid

Back 2

-provides nutrients

-decreases friction

-shock absorption

Front 3

Remember joint pain is coming from...

Back 3

damage to well-innervated joint, capsule, ligaments, and bone

(cartilage and synovial membranes poorly innervated)

Front 4

Hilton's law

Back 4

sensory nerve supply to joints is by the nerves that supply the muscles that act on it

Front 5

3 factors responsible for joint stability

Back 5

1. shape of articulating surfaces

2. ligaments

3. muscles

Front 6

3 main pectoral girdle joints and the 4th conceptual joint

Back 6

1. sternoclavicular

2. acromioclavicular

3. glenohumeral

4. scapulothoracic

Front 7

bursae

Back 7

Synovial fluid sac around many joints that reduce friction -- subject to inflammation (bursitis)

Front 8

Fn of supporting structures like the ligaments

Back 8

-increase stability

-limits range of motion ( abnormal range would indicate damage)

Front 9

What type is the sternoclavicular joint

Back 9

Saddle synovial joint (but acts like ball-and-socket joint )

Front 10

Major structural components of the sternoclavicular joint

Back 10

1. Anterior & Posterior sternoclavicular ligament

2. Interclavicular ligament

3. Costoclavicular ligament

Front 11

Sternoclavicular joint dislocation

Back 11

shoulder displacement

90% anterior displacement- benign

Posterior displacement- can poke into the lungs (SOB)

Front 12

Subluxation of the SC joint

Back 12

1 of 2 ligament is torn

(either a. or p. sternoclavicular ligament or costoclavicular)

Front 13

Dislocation of the SC joint

Back 13

When both sternoclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments are torn

Front 14

Are the ligaments more likely to be torn?

Back 14

No, they are strong.

Therefore you're more likely to get an avulsion facture

Front 15

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Back 15

Plane type of synovial joint, uniaxial

Front 16

Important ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint

Back 16

-Acromioclavicular ligament

-Coracoclavicular ligament

1. Trapezoid (horizontal; lateral)

2. Conoid (vertical; medial)

Front 17

AC subluxation Grade II

Back 17

elbow injury that travels up and ruptures acromioclavicular ligament only

Front 18

AC Dislocation Grade III

Back 18

direct trauma to shoulder rupturing acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament

Front 19

Back 19

Shoulder separation (falling shoulder)

Loss of ligaments in AC joint

-gravity pulls it downward

Front 20

Glenohumeral joint is what kind of joint?

Back 20

Ball & Socket synovial joint

Front 21

Ligaments for glenohumeral joint

Back 21

1. Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)

2. Coracoacromial ligament

3. Coracohumeral ligament

4. Transverse humeral ligament

Front 22

Mobility of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by what?

Back 22

1. Poor articular congruency

2. Several bursae

3. lots of articular cartilage

4. Lax Joint capsule

Front 23

Stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by what?

Back 23

1. glenoid labrum

2. musculotendinous rotator cuff

3. ligaments

Front 24

What is the axillary recess?

Back 24

The bottom of glenoid cavity that is prone to injury

Front 25

Main Arterial supply to glenohumeral joint

Back 25

Suprascapular artery

Anterior & Posterior humeral circumflex arteries

Front 26

Innervation to the glenohumeral joint?

Back 26

Front 27

Shoulder dislocation by glenohumeral joint

Back 27

-most frequent dislocated joint

-90% anterior

-risk of axillary n and a damage

Front 28

Impingement syndrome

Back 28

-supraspinatus tendon becomes impinged in the coracoacromial arch

-leads to tendonitis and thickening of tendon

Front 29

Shoulder instability

Back 29

Chronic overuse can stretch glenohumeral stabilizers

-increases stress and weakens rotator cuffs

-leads to humeral head subluxation; secondary impingement

Front 30

Coracoacromial arch is so strong...

Back 30

it would sooner fracture humerus or clavicle before fracturing the arch

Front 31

Diagnosis of shoulder instability

Back 31

Apprehension test

Front 32

Type of joint at the elbow

Back 32

hinge type of synovial joint

Front 33

Two articulations of the elbow

Back 33

1. Humeroradial

2. Humeroulnar

Front 34

The elbow joint is weak ________ but reinforced ___________ by ________

Back 34

The elbow joint is weak anterior and posteriorly but reinforced medially and laterally by collateral ligaments

Front 35

Elbow's prominent bursae that help to facilitate movement

Back 35

subcutaneous olecranon bursae

biceps bursa

Front 36

Ligaments found in the elbow

Back 36

1. Ulnar collateral ligament

2. Radial collateral Ligament

Front 37

Ulnar collateral ligament parts

Back 37

Anterior (strongest)

Posterior (weakest)

Oblique

Front 38

What is reducing friction for the olecranon

Back 38

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Front 39

Blood supply to the elbow joint

Back 39

Radial collateral a. ANASTOMOSES with radial recurrent a.

Superior ulnar collateral a ANASTOMOSES with Posterior Ulnar Recurrent A

Inferior Ulnar collateral a ANASTOMOSES with anterior ulnar recurrent a

Front 40

Innervation of the elbow joint

Back 40

musculocutaneous n.

median n.

radial n.

ulnar n.

Front 41

elbow dislocations

Back 41

mostly posteriorly

ulnar n at risk

Front 42

Tommy John

Back 42

Ulnar collateral ligament replacement surgery

-use palmaris longus, donor tendon

Front 43

Radioulnar joints

Back 43

Proximal and Distal (synovial pivot joints)

Intermediate (Syndesmosis joint ocnnect via interosseous membrane)

Front 44

Movement of radioulnar joint

Back 44

supination and pronation

Front 45

Proximal Radioulnar joint

Back 45

Articulation of head of radius & radial notch of ulna

-located w/in loose fibrous capsule/synovial membrane

-anular ligaments allow rotation of radial head

Front 46

Proximal Radioulnar joint blood supply and innervation

Back 46

blood supply: Radial collateral a. ANASTOMOSES with radial recurrent a.

innervation:

musculocutaneous n.

median n.

radial n.

Front 47

subluxation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint

Back 47

Nursemaid's elbow

Front 48

Distal radioulnar joint

Back 48

Pivot joint

articulation: head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius

ligaments: anterior radioulnar and posterior radioulnar ligaments (WEAK)

Has an articular disc

Front 49

Triangular Fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

Back 49

Distal radioulnar joint: Articular disc

-distributes forces during supination and pronation

-permits mvmt

-increases joint stability

Front 50

Distal radioulnar joint blood supply and innervation

Back 50

blood supply: anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

innervation: anterior and posterior interosseous nerves

Front 51

Ulnar sided wrist trauma

Back 51

affects TFCC

Front 52

Wrist Joint

Back 52

Ulna doesn't participate in the wrist joint

Radiocarpal joint (Synovial: Condyloid)

-distal end of the radius with the proximal row of carpal bones except pisiform (ie. scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)

Front 53

Ligaments of wrist joint

Back 53

1. Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament

2. Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament

3. Radial Collateral Ligament of the wrist

4. Ulnar Collateral ligament of the wrist

Front 54

Wrist sprain

Back 54

ligaments in wrist torn/stretched

-scapholunate ligament most commonly injured (lunate is out of place and leads to carpal tunnel syndrome--median n compression)

Front 55

Wrist joint blood supply and innervation

Back 55

blood supply: dorsal and palmar carpal arches

innervation:

anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

dorsal and deep branches of ulnar nerve