Upper Extremity

Front 1

Hot, swollen, red, extremely painful

Back 1

septic joint

Front 2

Night pain

Back 2

tumor

Front 3

Deformity and loss of motion

Back 3

dislocation and/or fracture

Front 4

Rapidly progressing neurologic changes- in forearm or leg with pallor, weak absent pulse, pain with passive motions

Back 4

Compartment syndrome

Front 5

Significant, sudden onset of limb swelling, pain, and bluish skin changes

Back 5

DVT

Front 6

Point bony pain and bleeding

Back 6

open fracture

Front 7

Morning stiffness

Back 7

suspucious for arthritis

Front 8

Pain only with active motion

Back 8

suspicious for muscle or tendon injury

Front 9

Pain with both active and passive motion

Back 9

articular injury/damage

Front 10

Weakness

Back 10

suspicious for muscle or tendon injury

Front 11

Instability

Back 11

Suspicious for ligament injury

Front 12

Locking

Back 12

Suspicious for loose body or cartilage injury

Front 13

Sprain

Back 13

Ligament injury; instability or laxity; swelling

Front 14

Strain

Back 14

muscle injury

Front 15

Tendonitis/tendinosis

Back 15

tendon injury

Front 16

3 on the reflex scale

Back 16

hyperactive but no clonus

Front 17

2 on the reflex scale

Back 17

normal

Front 18

normal capilarily refill time

Back 18

less than 2 sec

Front 19

Abdution of arm mm

Back 19

mid-deltoid and supraspinatus

Front 20

Adduction of arm mm

Back 20

pect major and lat

Front 21

flexion of arm mm

Back 21

anterior delt, coracobrachialis

Front 22

extension of arm

Back 22

lat dorsi, teres major, post. deltoid

Front 23

internal rotation of arm

Back 23

subscap, pect major, lat, and teres major

Front 24

external rotation of arm

Back 24

infraspinatus, teres minor

Front 25

Scapular retraction

Back 25

rhomboids

Front 26

Rotator cuff problems

Back 26

painful 80-150 degree of motion

Front 27

AC pathology

Back 27

> 150 degree of motion pain

Front 28

Full can test

Back 28

examiner pushes downward; supraspinatus

Front 29

Liftoff test

Back 29

patient places hand behind back and lifts hand off back with resistance; SUBSCAPULARIS

Front 30

axillary nerve

Back 30

Lateral shoulder

Front 31

Tineal's and Phalen's sign

Back 31

check carpal tunel status

Front 32

how long does it take for tissue remodeling

Back 32

roughly 6 weeks

Front 33

hard callus formation time

Back 33

4-6 weeks for upper extremity and 8-12 weeks for lower extremity

Front 34

AC sprains

Back 34

fall directly on shoulder; pain with overhead motions; pain with cross body adduction of arm; Grade I lig stretch, Grade II lig tear and Cornoid clavicular ligament stretch; Grade III both tear

Front 35

Shoulder dislocation

Back 35

anterior is most common; Forced extension, abduction, external rotation of the arm; direct blow to posterior shoulder; arm held in opp hand in slight abduction and external rotation; resistance to abduction and internal rotation; prominent acromion; POSITIVE apprehension test- feeling of instability with stressing the joint

Front 36

Rotator cuff injuries

Back 36

pain with overhead motions; tender at insertion of supraspinatus tendon on greater tuberosity of humerus; surgical for LARGE tear in a younger athletic patient;

Front 37

Adhesive capsulitis

Back 37

"frozen shoulder"; painful stiff shoulder; complication of many injuries including dislocation, rotator cuff tendinitis, fractures; Limited passive ROM esp external; tx treat underlying cause; often resolve in 1-2 years

Front 38

Medial epicondylitis "golfers elbow"

Back 38

overuse of wrist flexors (pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis); sx painful medial elbow with secondary weakness

Front 39

Lateral epicondylitis

Back 39

overuse of extensors (extensor carpi radialis brevis); pain with middle finger extension and wrist dorsiflexion

Front 40

Scaphoid fracture

Back 40

Fall on outstrectched hand; tenderness in anatomic snuffbox; often need to consider MRI, CT or bone scan

Front 41

Carpal tunnel syndrom

Back 41

irritation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel; tingling and pain in median nerve distribution especially at night; sensory loss of radial 3.5 fingers; thenar eminence atrophy

Front 42

Wrist ganglion

Back 42

Overproduction of fluid by a joint of tendon sheath; filled with thick gelantinous material; Symptoms: lump usually firm and mobile; most common in wrist, then hand, foot and andle; pain only if pinching nearby nerve; Tx is typically clinically observation

Front 43

Bones with vulnerable blood supply

Back 43

Central (tarsal) navicular; scaphoid, talus, and femoral head

Front 44

Snuffbox contents

Back 44

Radial nerve, cephalic vein, radial artery, scaphoid bone

Front 45

Blood supply to head and neck of femur

Back 45

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Front 46

Capsulitis

Back 46

Capsular thickening; inflammation, scarring; idiopathic or post injury; Risk factors: injury, diabetes, thyroid disease; limited ROM; Non-painful in the later two phases (frozen and thawing)

Front 47

Long head biceps tendon rupture

Back 47

pop in shoulder; normal strength; active flexion of the elbow; for repair the tendon is brought through a slit in the short head

Front 48

Tendinosis

Back 48

Chronic degenerative condition

Front 49

Strain symptons

Back 49

Stiffness, bruising, swelling, soreness

Front 50

Subluxation

Back 50

Transient, partial displacement

Front 51

Vacuum phenomena

Back 51

very effective passive stabilizer