Upper Extremities: Pathology And Assessment

Front 1

______ is less common in the upper extremity than in the lower. It occurs more frequently in the left arm in innominate artery and subclavian.

Back 1

atherosclerosis

Front 2

________ is abnormal compression of arterial, venous or neural structures at the base of the neck. The vessels are compressed by cervical rib and clavical.

Back 2

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Front 3

what are the two types of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 3

arterial and venous

Front 4

With arterial thoracic outlet syndrome the --------- is compressed by scalene muscle and first rib, distal aneurysm formaton, thrombus, embolizaton

Back 4

Subclavian artery

Front 5

What are the symptoms of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 5

Weakness, fatigue of limb, and positional pulse changes

Front 6

with venous thoracic outlet syndrome the _______ vein is compressed.

Back 6

subclavian/axillary

Front 7

What are the symptoms of venous thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 7

swelling and cyanosis

Front 8

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome is also known as ______

Back 8

effort thrombosis

Front 9

_____ is a rare abnormal nerve conduction form of thoracic outlet syndrome

Back 9

neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Front 10

_____ is a maneuver to assess scalenus anticus muscle for cervical rib compression

Back 10

Adson Maneuver

Front 11

What is the technique for the adson maneuver?

Back 11

Place doppler probe at radial artery, instruct pt to take deep breath and hold with neck fully extended, instruct pt to turn head to side being examined by doppler, repeat test with head turned toward opposite side. If there is no change in doppler signal or waveform the test result is normal.

Front 12

______ is a maneuver to assess neurovascular compression between the clavicle and first rib

Back 12

costoclavicular maneuver

Front 13

What is the technique for costoclavicular maneuver

Back 13

Place doppler probe at radial artery, instruct pt. to assume an exaggerated military position with shoulders drawn back, and down. if there is no change in the doppler signal or waveform the test is normal

Front 14

________ is a maneuver used to detect Neurovascular comprssion by the humeral head or pectoralis minor muscle

Back 14

Hyperabduction maneuver

Front 15

What is the technique for the hyperabduction maneuver

Back 15

place the doppler probe at the radial artery, instruct pt to raise are gradually to 180 degress while monioring signal interpretation. If there is no doppler signal change the test is normal

Front 16

When performing thoracic outlet testing it is very important to _____

Back 16

perform maneuvers while patient is in the sympromatic position

Front 17

You monitor pules with ____ during thoracic outlet testing if desired by placing PPG to index finger. If there is no dopple signal change the test is normal.

Back 17

PPG

Front 18

Positive finding during thoracic oultet testing is a ________with patient in symptomatic position

Back 18

loss of pulsatility or flatline waveform

Front 19

___________ is a vasospasm brought about by cold exposure, hormones, chemicals (nicotine), emotion or trauma

Back 19

Raynaud's Syndrome

Front 20

__________ is a vasospastic disorder without underlying disease. For example caused by cold, nicotine, etc.

Back 20

Primary Raynauds Syndrome

Front 21

______ is associated with an underlying autoimmune disease or connective tissue disease (IE scleroderma, rheumatoid arteritis). The response to cold in these patients causes severe ischemia because no blood flow is getting there

Back 21

secondary raynauds syndrome

Front 22

Raynauds Syndrome occurs primarily in ______

Back 22

females

Front 23

What are the symptoms of primary raynauds syndrome?

Back 23

pallor of digits during vasospasm, followed by cyanosis and rubor upon release. The spasm may take upto 30 minutes to realease.

Front 24

Small vessel vasospasm occurs normally in response to cold exposure and is triggered by the __________

Back 24

sympathetic nervous system

Front 25

Raynaud's exam is a test for _________ that is an assessment by skin temperature measurements

Back 25

cold sensitivity

Front 26

_______ is an inflammatory condition of the palmar arch and or digital arteries leading to small vessel obstruction. It is transmural inflammation of small and medium arteries and veins. Thrombosis follows inflammation. there is a fibrous obliteration of the vessel and encasement of adjoining nerve.

Back 26

Burger's Disease

Front 27

Buerger's disease is AKA _____

Back 27

Thromboangitis Obliterans

Front 28

Buerger's Disease (thromboanigitis obliterans) occurs in _________ who ________

Back 28

males who smoke

Front 29

_______ is transmural inflammation. It is destruction of elastic fibers in the media. the arteries become very irregular with areas of stenosis. occasionally saccular aneurysms of the aorta occur with post stenotic dilatation.

Back 29

Takayaus arteritis

Front 30

Buerger's Disease has a higher incidence of ____ than with atherosclerosis but survival rate is better.

Back 30

Limb loss

Front 31

Treatment of Buerger's Disease is with ______

Back 31

cessation of smoking

Front 32

What are the symptoms of Takayau's Arteritis

Back 32

women 10-30, m/c in asian population, malaise , fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, CHF, neurologic symtoms, major organ ischemia

Front 33

_____ is inflammation of the cranial arteries. Usually in women over 50.

Back 33

Temporal Arteritis

Front 34

What are the symptoms of Temporal Arteritis

Back 34

headache, malaise, fever, stiff neck, temporal tenderness, loss of vision

Front 35

How is temporal arteritis diagnosed?

Back 35

Increased erythrocytes or temporal artery biopsy

Front 36

What is the treatment for Temporal arteritis?

Back 36

Steroids, surgery

Front 37

What are some indications for graft placement?

Back 37

Claudication, aneurysm, nonhealing lesions, and limb threatening ischemia

Front 38

______ is when the GSV is removed, turned upside down, and sewn back in. The valves are not removed, perforators are ligated, and the graft is smaller prox, larger distally due to the diameter of the reversed veing.

Back 38

Reversed Saphenous vein graft