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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of the musculoskeletal system? |
Skeletal system, synovial joints and muscular system |
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What are the four main functions of the skeletal system? |
- Hematopoiesis (red blood cell production) - Mineral storage - Protection - Support and motion |
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What are the three types of joints? |
- Ball and socket - Hinge - Condylar |
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Name 4 parts of a bone |
- Fibrous connective tissue (outer layer) - Compact bone (the strong part) - Bone marrow - Spongy bone |
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The structural strength of bone is relative to the alignment of what? |
- Cortical and trabecular (spongy bone) - Level of mineralisation |
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What does articular cartilage do? |
It cushions joints and provides near frictionless contact within a joint |
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What is articular cartilage made of? |
Water, collagen fibres and proteoglycans (which retain water well) |
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What do tendons attach? |
Bone to muscles |
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What do ligaments attach? |
Bone to bone |
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What is the muscle hierarchy from highest to lowest? |
Muscle, fascicle, fibre, myofibril, sarcomere, filaments |
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What are the names of thick and thin filaments respectively? |
Myosin and actin |
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How does muscle contraction occur on the level of thick and thin filaments |
Myosin starts in a low energy state; ATP release energy on the myosin and it reaches out to create a cross bridge by grabbing the actin; the myosin returns to it's low energy state and drags the actin with it in the process before "letting go of it" |
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What is muscle force proportionate to?
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Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) |
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When does PCSA increase? |
When the muscle fibres attach to a tendon at an angle (the pennetation angle) |
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How does the force-velocity relationship in a muscle work? |
As the muscle shortens, force decrease and velocity increases (and vice versa when the muscle lengthens) |
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What is the equation for power when it comes to muscles? |
Power = Force * Velocity |
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A tendon's mechanical behavior is mostly dependent on what? |
The tendon's cross-sectional area |
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Tendons are able to ____________________ during locomotion |
store and return elastic energy |
