Uno Geography Exam #2

Front 1

Cultural Pluralism

Back 1

Wide range of ethic backgrounds from all over the word, including Native Americans

Front 2

Rain Shadow Effect

Back 2

Orographic Precipitation along the Rocky Mountains

100th meridian a general north/south isohyet with 20" of rain per year

Front 3

Push/Pull Factors

Back 3

Push: motivate people to move away

Pull: attract them to a new destination

About 1/3 of the country's annual population growth

Front 4

Technopole

Back 4

Techno-Industrial complex that manufactures and creates for the informational economy.

(Silicon Valley)

Front 5

Ecumene

Back 5

the inhabitable zone of permanent settlement

Only about 100,000 live in the territories (Inuit)

Front 6

NAFTA

Back 6

North American Free Trade Agreement

Linking three countries very tightly economically

(US, Canada, Mexico)

Front 7

Four Major Economic Activities

Back 7

Primary: extractive sector (the economy taking something directly from nature)

Secondary: manufacturing sector (raw materials are made into a finished product)

Tertiary: service sector (providing a service)

Quaternary: information sector (collecting, processing and manipulating information)

Front 8

Pacific Rim/Pacific Hinge

Back 8

Hinge: Coastlands of US and Canada (strong economic ties with the Pacific Rim)

Rim: Functional region (strong economic ties with Japan, Coastal China, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand)

Front 9

Isohyet

Back 9

A line connecting points of equal rainfall total

Front 10

"Break of Bulk"

Back 10

"Fall line cities"

Washington DC, Baltimore, Philadelphia

Front 11

"Footloose" Industry

Back 11

an industry that tends to move around with time

Front 12

Inuit/Quebecois

Back 12

Inuit: creation of Nunavut

Laws that make French the official language and the "primacy of Quebecois culture"

Front 13

Enculturation

Back 13

the process of learning one's culture

Front 14

Acculturation

Back 14

the process of adopting some aspect of another culture

Front 15

Ethnocentrism

Back 15

the tendency to judge another cultural group to be inferior

(habits, customs, clothing, proximity)

Front 16

Mestizo

Back 16

"Mixed"

White and Amerindian ancestry

Front 17

Cultural Hearth

Back 17

Place of origin of a culture

Front 18

Dry Canal

Back 18

150 mile Tehauantepec isthmus that will move large amounts of goods overland

(bypass the Panama Canal)!!!

Economic divide between Northern and Southern Mexico

Front 19

Hacienda

Back 19

Spanish-style institution

More of a lifestyle and social unit production not pushed to its limits

Inefficient use of land and labor, more self-sufficient

Front 20

Plantation

Back 20

Tended to be sugar and banana plantations along the Rimland. More tropical orientation, more for export, a single crop, foreign ownership, seasonal labor, "factory in the field" operations

Front 21

Transculturation

Back 21

The blending of cultural traits.

Thousands of Mexicans speak only Amerindian languages plus many blend this with Mexican Spanish

Front 22

Maquildoras

Back 22

Mexican factories that assemble products mostly for export back to the US

Front 23

Altitudinal Zonation

Back 23

In each of the zones, distinct local climates, soil, vegetation, crops, domestic animals and modes of life prevail.

Tierra Caliente: Hot, Banana, Sugar, Rice
Tierra Templada: Temperate Land, Coffee, Corn, Wheat
Tierra Fria: Cold, Potatoes, Wheat, Barley
Tierra Helada: Livestock
Tierra Nevada: Permanent Ice and Snow

Front 24

Mulatto

Back 24

Mixed European and African ancestry

In the Caribbean Mulatto ranks below Hispanic but above Afro-Caribbean

Front 25

Middle American Ancient Civilizations

Back 25

1

Front 26

Deforestation

Back 26

1

Front 27

Greater Antilles

Back 27

Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Jamaica

Front 28

Eco-Tourism

Back 28

Attracts 1 million per year in Costa Rica

Front 29

Ejidos

Back 29

Communally owned land by groups of families

Front 30

Altiplano

Back 30

High planes

High in the Andes Mountains, experts road builder, colonizers, and administrators stretched from Colombia to central Chile

Front 31

Barrio/Favela

Back 31

1

Front 32

Forward Capital

Back 32

1

Front 33

Inca Empire

Back 33

1

Front 34

Quechua

Back 34

1

Front 35

Rift Valley

Back 35

1

Front 36

Olduvai Gorge

Back 36

Dr Louis Leakey made his famous discoveries with his wife in the Serengeti Plains. He found objects from 2.1 million years to about 15,000 years ago. Rich in flora and fauna wrote "Africa is the cradle of mankind"

Front 37

Epidemic

Back 37

Local or regional disease outbreak

ENdemic: characteristic of prevalent in a region or group of people

Front 38

Pandemic

Back 38

Worldwide spread of a disease

Front 39

Green Revolution

Back 39

Dr. Norman Borlaug (american scientist)

New higher yielding types of grains
Helped close gap between world food production and population
Paved millions of lives

But Africa still plagues with problems, lack of capital, inefficient farming methods, soil exhaustion, population pressure, drought

Front 40

Apartheid

Back 40

"apartness"

The Afrikaans term for racial separation notorious policy that produced a highly segregated society

Front 41

Desertification

Back 41

the process of desert expansion due to human degradation of the land

Front 42

Sahel

Back 42

Arabic for border or margin

Semiarid steppeland zone extending across most of Africa between the Southern Sahara and the moister tropical savanna

Front 43

Nok

Back 43

Culture that lasted for over 800 years in Africa

Front 44

Berlin Conference

Back 44

Otto von Bismarck of the German Empire convened a group to "carve" up Africa

Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Spain

Front 45

Lingua Franca

Back 45

Second Language

Typically French and English

Front 46

How many languages in Africa?

Back 46

1,000

Front 47

Pidgin

Back 47

A blend of English and local languages